Structural change and sustainable development

In this paper, we show that the commonly observed decline in primary (natural resource using) sector output and employment shares, often termed structural change, can be explained as an endogenous response to the presence of nature's constraint. Structural change takes place even if consumer preferences are homothetic, and technological progress does not discriminate against the primary sector. Under certain conditions, structural change allows an open economy to grow with natural resource sustainability. Sustained and environmentally sustainable economic growth is possible even if the natural resource is exploited under open access. Well-defined property rights are neither necessary, nor sufficient for sustainable growth. We show that there is no unique relationship between natural resource endowment and the rate of economic growth over the long run. Resource-rich economies may grow faster or slower than resource-poor ones.     

Growth accounting in a fishery

Since 1950, the real value of fish catches in Norway has about doubled, while the number of fishermen has declined by about 85 percent. This has made it possible to maintain fishermen's incomes roughly on par with other occupational groups in Norway. It is investigated to what extent this increase in labor productivity is due to accumulation of capital, increasingly abundant fish stocks, or technological progress. Since the capital stock in recent years is not much greater in real terms than in the early 1960s, it is tempting to ascribe most of the increase in labor productivity to technical progress. This, however, would leave out the role of fish stocks; if stocks have increased over this period, this would explain some of what otherwise appears as a technical progress. Using data on labor, capital, fish catches, and fish stock abundance 1961–2004 the development of total factor productivity is examined. Ignoring changes in fish stocks, total factor productivity is estimated to have increased by 0.8 percent per year. Accounting for changes in fish stocks raises this to 1.7–4.3 percent per year, depending on the importance assigned to stocks as factors of production.     

大豆种质资源对斜纹夜蛾(PRODENIA LITURA)抗性的鉴定

在网室人工均匀接虫条件下 ,以叶面积损失百分率为指标 ,分别于 1997年和 1998年鉴定了从 6 72 4份大豆资源中筛选的 46份抗感材料及 5份江淮与南方大豆推广良种共 5 1份对斜纹夜蛾的抗性差异表现 .结果表明 ,品种间、观测日期间、年份间抗虫性有极显著差异 ;品种与观测日期间互作显著 ;品种与年份之间互作极显著 ;年份之间抗虫性表现极显著相关 .从供试资源中筛选出一批年份间表现相对一致的高抗种质 ,其抗性优于国际常用的抗源PI2 2 76 87、PI17145 1、PI2 2 935 8.表 3参 10     

可持续环境与自然资源发展核算

对自然资源耗减价值的核算范围、核算原理、核算方法及环境污染损失价值时间长度的确定进行了论述。为准确的核算绿色GDP，研究资源、环境与经济发展之间的关系，提供了准确的数量依据。     

东北地区城市水资源环境问题及其对策

对东北三省区城市水资源环境问题及其控制对策与措施进行了分析和探讨。面临的主要问题有：水资源相对短缺和供需矛盾突出、地表水环境污染严重、地下水环境受破坏和污染、尚未形成节水型的社会生产生活与管理体系等。针对区域城市水资源环境问题提出了相应的控制对策与措施。     

试论责任会计在高校财务管理中的应用

论述了高校运用责任会计进行财务管理工作的必要性及其可能性,提出了高校财务管理应用责任会计的某些构想,最后指出了高校全面推行责任会计存在的几个问题。     

天津城市化发展趋向与水资源可持续利用

分析了新时期天津城市化发展趋向，从城市人口增长、城市工业结构、城市化进程等诸方面，探讨了城市化进程与水资源利用之间的关系，提出了适应城市化发展的水资源可持续利用战略。     

再生资源产业发展的国际经验与我国的对策选择

20世纪80年代以来,再生资源产业被许多国家作为战略性产业而得到迅速发展。近年来,我国再生资源产业发展较快,但与发达国家相比还存在较大差距,总结和借鉴发达国家的经验,并提出推进加快产业发展的对策具有重要的现实意义。     

城市生态系统中的生物资源保护

本文讨论了城市生态系统中的生物资源保护问题,论述了动物园、植物园及博物馆等在生物多样性保护方面所作的研部.作者并对今后需要进一步研究的课题提出了建议.     

广东省水资源问题及可持续利用对策

论述了广东省的水资源状况和水资源利用中存在的主要问题，提出了水资源可持续利用的对策。认为水质性缺水、水利工程老化失修、水资源浪费严重、管理体制不健全是水资源利用中存在的主要问题；应加强水污染的防治，健全防洪防旱体系，建立健全水资源统一管理运作饥制，提高全民节水观念，发展节水农业，走兴林治水之路，使水资源可持续利用。