西北地区生态用水的探讨

我国西北地区多处于干旱气候带，水资源匮乏，生态环境脆弱。为实施西北地区生态恢复与重建，必须合理开发和利用该区有限的水资源，科学地确定社会用水同生态用水的比例，积极保证生态用水，合理利用生态用水，注重生态用水的多重效益。结合西北干旱区实际情况，就这一地区生态用水的开发和利用做了分析阐述。     

水力空化-Fenton氧化联合超声吸附处理煤气化废水

采用水力空化-Fenton氧化联合超声吸附处理煤气化废水,考察了单独Fenton氧化及单独水力空化工艺条件,并对Fenton氧化、水力空化和水力空化-Fenton氧化工艺处理过程进行了动力学初探。实验结果表明:在反应时间60 min、废水pH 3.0、Fe~(2+)加入量900 mg/L、H_2O_2加入量3 600 mg/L、空化压力0.4 MPa的条件下,水力空化-Fenton处理煤气化含酚废水的COD和苯酚去除率分别为93.05%和90.29%;进一步采用超声吸附处理后,出水COD和苯酚质量浓度分别为92.9 mg/L和4.5 mg/L,达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》三级指标。     

基于SD-ABMS方法的航空应急医疗转运任务仿真系统

为解决我国航空应急医疗转运演练成本高昂及我国航空医疗转运任务执行机理相关研究不足的问题,依据真实的医疗转运场景,抽象出病患、飞行员、医护、机务、医院负责人、安保、环境等共16种Agent和详细的医疗转运流程;使用ABMS方法对各Agent的离散行为及Agent间的协同行为进行建模,使用SD方法对各Agent的连续行为进行建模, 从微观视角刻画并实现航空应急医疗转运任务仿真模型,并基于Anylogic实现航空应急医疗转运任务系统可视化原型。研究结果展示了航空应急医疗转运任务执行机理,可降低相关演练成本,也可为航空应急医疗转运实时任务评估提供支持。     

气相色谱法测定黄瓜和土壤中代森锰锌的残留及其消解动态分析

采用GC-FPD(S)法测代森锰锌在黄瓜和土壤中的残留,通过优化前处理和检测条件,使方法在0.007 6 mg/L~3.80 mg/L范围内线性良好,在黄瓜和土壤中的方法检出限分别为5.12μg/kg和2.35μg/kg。黄瓜和土壤3个质量比水平的空白加标回收率分别为91.1%~96.5%和82.4%~90.5%,7次测定结果的RSD为5.0%~6.5%和2.4%~4.1%。将该方法用于研究代森锰锌在黄瓜和土壤中的消解动态,得知代森锰锌在黄瓜中的半衰期为3.63 d~4.77 d,在土壤中的半衰期为4.19 d~7.33 d。     

突发事件下多种信息交互传播的动力机制与调控策略

针对突发事件下多种信息共存情境中信息交互传播的调控问题,首先界定了该情境中“涌现→传播”过程的组成要素,建立了信息交互关系框架及其系统动力学模型;其次,通过设计和仿真基础情景,将仿真结果与案例进行对比,检验模型的模拟趋势与现实状况的一致性;最后,通过设计和仿真实验情景,考查决策者的关键可控因素对系统演化的影响。研究结果表明:官方渠道所发布信息的可信度、平均个体传播量及群体的立场认知水平,与相信和传播官方渠道信息的人数均正相关,而与相信和传播民间渠道信息的人数均负相关;对各群体数量演化影响的显著性而言,官方渠道信息的平均个体传播量最高,官方渠道信息的可信度次之,群体的立场认知水平较低。     

Young adult conservation jobs and worker health

Decades of research studies demonstrate links between healthy environment, healthy lifestyles, and healthy people. This study evaluated the correlations between young adult conservation workers' perceived stress, personal effectiveness, and nature experience using quantitative and qualitative social science methods. The study cohort numbered nearly 300 individuals serving on small crews for an entire year, and were dispersed across Washington State (USA) to participate in conservation projects in rural to urban landscapes. Pre- and post-test surveys, using validated measures of perceived stress, health dimensions, and personal resiliency, were further informed by mid-year, field-based interviews. Overall, the young adults expressed fatigue with the physical work but were quite healthy when compared to national benchmarks. They indicated a reduction in perceived stress, and indicated social function influences based on the conservation work. Conclusions address the importance and implications of expanding this work opportunity to a more diverse cohort and future research needs.     

城市垃圾填埋场生态恢复工程表面覆盖材料的研究

以青岛市湖岛垃圾填埋场作为试验点,对城市垃圾填埋场生态恢复工程的表面覆盖处理技术中的材料选择进行了研究。对城市垃圾场生态恢复工程表面处理中覆盖材料的选择指标主要取决于其投入费用和生态恢复的产出效益,同时因恢复工程的设计方案和填埋地点而异。对以降低投入为优选因子或以获得植物产出效益为主要目的的设计方案,分别推荐已分解的垃圾土和砂土为覆盖材料。      

石墨矿废弃地生态复垦研究

通过现场试验和小区工程措施,研究了石墨矿废弃地的生态复垦问题并建立了复垦示范田。结果表明,通过一定的技术工程措施石墨矿废弃矿坑和尾渣堆的复垦土地的理化性质基本达到了当地农业耕地的水平。从技术、经济的角度分析,石墨矿废弃地复垦的关键是耕种层的熟土配比。经筛选后的矿渣或矿毛与熟土按1:1或1:2的比例混配都可达到生态复垦的目的,但是前者的保水、供水、供肥能力不及后者。     

Analysis of the spatio-temporal and semantic aspects of land-cover/use change dynamics 1991–2001 in Albania at national and district levels

In the turmoil of a rapidly changing economy the Albanian government needs accurate and timely information for management of their natural resources and formulation of land-use policies. The transformation of the forestry sector has required major changes in the legal, regulatory and management framework. The World Bank financed Albanian National Forest Inventory project provides an analysis of spatially explicit land-cover/use change dynamics in the period 1991–2001 using the FAO/UNEP Land Cover Classification System for codification of classes, satellite remote sensing and field survey for data collection and elements of the object-oriented geo-database approach to handle changes as an evolution of land-cover/use objects, i.e. polygons, over time to facilitate change dynamics analysis.Analysis results at national level show the trend of natural resources depletion in the form of modifications and conversions that lead to a gradual shift from land-cover/use types with a tree cover to less dense tree covers or even a complete removal of trees. Policy failure (e.g., corruption, lack of law enforcement) is seen as the underlying cause. Another major trend is urbanisation of areas near large urban centres that change urban-rural linkages. Furthermore, after privatisation agricultural areas increased in the hills where environmental effects may be detrimental, while prime agricultural land in the plains is lost to urbanisation.At district level, the local variability of spatially explicit land-cover/use changes shows different types of natural resources depletion. The distribution of changes indicates a regional prevalence, thus a decentralised approach to the natural resources management could be advocated.     

地震的生态破坏及其恢复重建研究进展

本文从地震对生态系统的主要影响、地震破坏的生态系统恢复重建的政策及技术措施等方面,系统分析了目前国内外在地震灾害对生态系统危害方面的研究进展,以及治理中采取的政策和技术措施。在此基础上,提出了震后生态恢复重建的策略和建议,以及今后对震后生态系统快速重建和生态系统服务功能恢复中需要加强的基础研究工作。