Wastewater reclamation and reuse in China: Opportunities and challenges

The growing water stress both in terms of water scarcity and quality deterioration promotes the development of reclaimed water as a new water resource use. This paper reviewed wastewater reuse practices in China, and the opportunities and challenges of expanding reclaimed water use were analyzed. Rapid urbanization with the increasing of water demand and wastewater discharge provides an opportunity for wastewater reuse. The vast amount of wastewater discharge and low reclaimed water production mean that wastewater reuse still has a great potential in China. Many environmental and economic benefits and successful reclamation technologies also provide opportunities for wastewater reuse. In addition, the overall strategy in China is also encouraging for wastewater reuse. In the beginning stage of wastewater reclamation and reuse, there are many significant challenges to expand wastewater reuse in China including slow pace in adopting urban wastewater reuse programs, the establishment of integrated water resources management framework and guidelines for wastewater reuse programs, incoherent water quality requirements, the limited commercial development of reclaimed water and the strengthening of public awareness and cooperation among stakeholders.     

利用酒糟生产饲料蛋白的菌种选育

为了提高酒糟蛋白质的含量和粗纤维的降解,本研究选菌种３０株,以白酒糟为原料筛选出优质饲料蛋白菌株８５０２,８５０３和８５０５三株。用微生物液体发酵法,经研究发现,以８５０３和８５０５组成的多菌发酵体系,使酒糟初始蛋白含量由２３．０％。     

Reuse rate of treated wastewater in water reuse system

A water quality model for water reuse was made by mathematics induction. The relationship among the reuse rate of treated wastewater（R）, pollutant concentration of reused water（ Cs ）, pollutant concentration of influent（ C0）, removal efficiency of pollutant in wastewater（ E）, and the standard of reuse water were discussed in this study. According to the experiment result of a toilet wastewater treatment and reuse with membrane bioreactors, R would be set at less than 40%, on which all the concerned parameters could meet with the reuse water standards. To raise R of reuse water in the toilet, an important way was to improve color removal of the wastewater.     

二氧化氯消毒前后污水毒性的变化及消毒条件的影响

采用发光细菌试验和umu试验,分别考察了二氧化氯投加量和反应时间对污水二氧化氯消毒后急性毒性和遗传毒性变化的影响.结果表明,随着二氧化氯消毒剂投加量的增加,消毒后水样的急性毒性不断增大,但遗传毒性逐渐减小后趋于稳定.随着反应时间的延长,二氧化氯的消耗量不断增大,消毒后水样的急性毒性先增大后减小,遗传毒性逐渐减小后趋于稳定.由于消毒条件对污水急性毒性和遗传毒性有着不同的影响,说明污水中产生急性毒性和产生遗传毒性的物质不同,对于某一种污水,通过控制消毒条件可以使消毒后污水的急性毒性和遗传毒性都较低.     

青岛市海泊河污水处理厂二级出水深度处理技术研究

通过小试、中试 ,对污水厂二级出水深度处理技术进行了研究 ,确定以回用为目的的处理流程为“混凝 -沉淀 -氯气脱色 -纤维球过滤”。结果表明 :该工艺处理成本低 ,且处理后水质满足国家生活杂用水水质标准。     

废弃火炸药的处理与再利用研究

废弃火炸药是特殊的危险品,必须妥善处理。传统的废弃火炸药处理方法和处理过程不仅对环境产生严重的污染,而且没有物尽其用。国内外对于废弃火炸药的处理方法进行了大量的研究,主要有废弃发射药的非含能化处理、转化为一般能源及资源化再利用3类。综述了废弃火炸药处理方法,指出了废弃火炸药的资源化再利用将是未来发展的趋势。     

微波诱导催化氧化处理废光盘回收废水的研究

采用微波催化氧化处理废光盘回收废水,探讨了微波功率等因素对废光盘回收废水处理效果的影响,获得了最佳工艺条件:100mLCOD为4217mg/L的废水(初始pH=4)在微波功率为800W,辐射10min,活性炭用量1g,H_2O_2用量1mL,FeSO_4用量为0.08g的条件下,COD去除率达到93.7%。     

SAF-化学絮凝-微滤膜组合工艺处理高浓度生活污水的试验研究

采用SAF-化学絮凝-微滤分离膜组合工艺对高浓度生活污水进行处理.SAF处理系统对污染物的去除效果良好,CODCr,BOD5,SS和NH4 -N的去除率分别为92%,93%,90%和98%.SAF生物处理系统的出水再经化学絮凝和微滤分离膜深度处理后,CODCr,BOD5,NH4 -N,PO43--P的浓度分别低于40 mg/L,10mg/L,4mg/L,0.3mg/L;浊度小于0.5NTU,色度小于10度.试验结果表明该组合工艺处理后的污水水质优良,可满足生活杂用和市政杂用.     

Biodegradation of phenol by free and immobilized Acinetobacter sp. strain PD12

A new phenol-degrading bacterium with high biodegradation activity and high tolerance of phenol, strain PD 12, was isolated from the activated sludge of Tianjin Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Facility in China. This strain was capable of removing 500 mg phenol/L in liquid minimal medium by 99.6% within 9 h and metabolizing phenol at concentrations up to 1100 mg/L. DNA sequencing and homologous analysis of 16S rRNA gene identified PD12 to be an Acinetobacter sp. Polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） was used as a gel matrix to immobilize Acinetobacter sp. strain PDI2 by repeated freezing and thawing. The factors affecting phenol degradation of immobilized cells were investigated, and the results showed that the immobilized cells could tolerate a high phenol level and protected the bacteria against changes in temperature and pH. Storage stability and reusability tests revealed that the phenol degradation functions of immobilized cells were stable after reuse for 50 times or storing at 4℃ for 50 d. These results indicate that immobilized Acinetobacter sp. strain PD 12 possesses a good application potential in the treatment of phenol-containing wastewater.     

碱剂共凝——一元化净化电镀废水装置

在电镀综合废水中投加硫酸亚铁还原六价铬,再用氢氧化钠调节 pH 值到7.8—9,使重金属离子生成氢氧化物,再经过净化器的混凝、沉淀、过滤后,水质达到国家排放标准,并回用作镀前处理清洗用水。在含有多种重金属离子的污泥中投加硫酸亚铁后,经过蒸气加热,空气搅拌生成铁氧体,不致造成二次污染。