发展循环经济是可持续发展的战略选择

大力发展循环经济,建设工业生态园区是我国经济和社会真正走上可持续发展道路的 战略选择,本文结合鲁北化工集团创建工业生态园,较全面的讨论了循环经济发展和工业生态 园区建设。     

应用煤制天然气防治大气污染合理性评估

以京津冀地区燃煤制天然气(SNG)锅炉为对象,基于生命周期角度对其大气污染物排放进行了分析.结果显示,燃SNG锅炉全生命周期排放少于燃煤锅炉,但存在着污染向SNG产地转移的效应.为进一步评估SNG防治大气污染的效果,对京津冀地区燃煤锅炉改造为燃SNG锅炉,以及燃煤锅炉末端排放治理2种方式在生命周期排放、资源消耗、经济性3方面进行了对比.结果显示,在全生命周期过程中,SNG锅炉相比末端处理方式有更多大气污染物排放,但若忽略污染转移现象而只考虑京津冀地区,则SNG锅炉相比末端处理排放更少;燃SNG锅炉相比末端处理会消耗更多的能源和水资源;SNG锅炉同时需要更高的投资和成本.以煤制天然气作为防治大气污染的选择需要谨慎考虑,不宜过度发展.     

Embodied energy and CO2 in UK dimension stone

A process based life cycle assessment of dimension stone production in the UK has been carried out according to PAS 2050. From a survey of eight production operations, on a cradle-to-site basis for UK destinations the carbon footprint of sandstone is 77 kgCO₂e/tonne, that of granite is 107 kgCO₂e/tonne and that of slate is 251 kgCO₂e/tonne. These values are considerably higher for stone imported from abroad due to the impact of transport. Reducing the reliance on imported stone will contribute to emissions reduction targets as well as furthering the goals of sustainable development.     

我国城市汽车行驶工况调查研究

在５个典型城市进行汽车行驶工况试验的基础上，对建立城市汽车行驶工式的方法和必要性作了详细的描述，该行驶工况对有效地控制我国城市汽车排放污染提供重要依据。     

生命周期评价研究

介绍了LCA的基本定义、技术框架及目前的研究方法，指出LCA方法局限性，提出应该发展实用的LCA。     

生命周期评价在玉米种植及深加工产品中的应用

对LCA在玉米种植环境影响研究中的目标与范围定义、清单分析、环境影响指标与计算方法、结果解释等方面的研究进行了梳理分析,其中大部分文献均对碳足迹进行了计算,CML（Institute of Environmental Sciences of the University of Leiden）、ReCiPe（许多LCA领域研究人员共同开发）和IPCC（Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change）方法是应用最多的3种方法,经分析计算得到国外玉米种植单位产量碳足迹均值为0.50kg CO₂-eq/kg,我国的均值为0.58kg CO₂-eq/kg.同时本文也对LCA在玉米深加工产品中的研究进展进行了分析整理,对今后LCA应用于玉米种植及深加工产品中的发展方向进行了展望.     

垃圾填埋场反渗透浓缩液回喷至附近垃圾焚烧厂焚烧研究

为解决垃圾渗滤液经两级碟管式反渗透装置(DTRO)的处理后形成的高浓度浓缩液难以处理的问题,实现垃圾渗滤液反渗透浓缩液的高效无害化处理,以山东省某垃圾填埋场经两级碟管式反渗透装置(DTRO)分离形成的浓缩液为例,拟将其回喷至隔路建设的垃圾焚烧厂焚烧炉中,结合已有的垃圾填埋场浓缩液的COD浓度以及附近垃圾焚烧厂中焚烧炉的性能参数,研究了浓缩液的最大回喷比,以及回喷燃烧废气对大气环境的影响。结果表明:将回喷比控制在3.96%以内,采用该工艺既不会影响垃圾焚烧工况,又能实现对垃圾浓缩液的高效处理;该工艺产生的烟气焚烧污染物均满足该行业的污染物排放标准。     

山一村农业生态系统营养物质循环

本文研究了浙江省萧山市山一村农业生态系统中农田、山地和水域３个子系统的氮、磷、钾养分循环。结果表明：该村土壤有机质含量属较高水平，无机氮肥施用量偏大，流失量也较大，磷的总投入量远低于总输出量，钾的输入量也偏低；水体属富营养型，鱼的生长系数仅２．９６。     

超滤技术处理电厂循环水排污水的试验研究

经过反渗透除盐处理的电厂循环水排污水可以作为锅炉的补给水,但是电厂循环水排污水进入反渗透系统前必须经过严格的预处理。提出采用超滤技术作为反渗透除盐的预处理方案,并通过现场中试试验证明,采用超滤技术处理电厂循环水排污水的产水能够满足反渗透除盐系统进水的水质要求。     

Risk Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds Through Daily Life Cycle in the Industrial City in Korea

This study analyzed the risk of exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through a study of activity patterns in the Korean industrial city, Ulsan. The daily life cycle patterns(LCPs) of 331 people in Ulsan were surveyed and the average LCPs in Ulsan were obtained by statistical analysis. Nine to twelve personal air samples of VOC exposure at the breathing zones were collected at each LCP. This included hours for sleeping,cooking and eating, going to and from work, working, participating in field or outdoor activities, reading, watchingTV, and shopping. The components and concentrations of the collected VOCs were identified by a Gas Chromatography-MassDetector (GC-MS). The overall reproducibility of all GC analytical procedures of the simultaneously collected duplicatesample pairs represented a mean of percent differences rangingfrom about 9 to 13%. For the general population of Ulsan, thecarcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of exposure to theVOCs during the LCPs was evaluated. The carcinogenic riskwas analyzed using both the chronic daily exposure orlifetime average daily exposure (CDI) and the cancerpotency factor. The non-carcinogenic risk was analyzedusing both the CDI and the chronic reference dose.The major chemical forms of the identified VOCs were oxidized forms (43%), aliphatic alkanes (29%) and aromatics (15%). Even though the highest total exposure strength per unit time of each activity was observed during shopping, the highest totalamount of exposure to VOCs was identified as the exposure duringwork. The total carcinogenic risk of exposure to the carcinogenicVOCs through daily life cycle in Ulsan was 2.0 × 10^-4which is substantially exceeding the permissible carcinogenicrisk level, 10^-5 10^-6. The carcinogenic riskduring most of the life cycle activities, except forreading, mainly performed indoors, was higher than that ofthe activities performed outdoors. The carcinogenic risk bybenzene exposure was about 56% (time weighted average) ofthe total carcinogenic risk by the exposure to thecarcinogenic VOCs. During cooking and eating, shopping andout door activities, however, the carcinogenic risk by theexposure to chlorinated compounds like chloroform exceededthe exposure to benzene. The overall hazard index (non-carcinogenic risk) by a chronic exposure to carcinogenicand non-carcinogenic VOCs through daily life cycle in Ulsanwas evaluated as 3.91 × 10^-1, which is much less than1.0 considered as a hazard level to human health, and thusit seems likely not to produce a severe health hazard.