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981.
Seasonal changes in river water chemistry and in soil atmospheric CO2 concentrations at two depths and drainage water solute composition at two upland peaty podzol sites in north east Scotland were monitored over 12 months. the CO2 concentrations were controlled by changes in soil temperature and moisture status. Highest CO2 concentrations were observed in late summer 1988 when both soil temperatures and the moisture status of the soils were high. Then maximum CO2 concentrations of 4% (v/v) were recorded for one of the sites. No significant correlations between seasonal changes in soil CO2 concentrations and river water solute composition were observed. Nevertheless the field results and laboratory experiments indicated that in upland areas, where soils with acid surface horizons are common, soil CO2 substantially influences river water chemistry at baseflow, increasing the pH and cation concentration of the soil water draining into the river. the results suggest that transfer of carbon as dissolved CO2 in drainage water is a significant pathway for CO2 transfer to the atmosphere. 相似文献
982.
I. V. Molchanova E. N. Karavaeva L. N. Mikhailovskaya V. N. Pozolotina L. V. Lobanova 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2003,34(4):236-241
The contents of 90Sr and 137Cs and the pattern of their redistribution in the soil and plant cover of floodplain ecosystems have been assessed. It is shown that the radionuclide distribution across the floodplain and along the river flow is determined by the formation of a barrier to their migration near the river channel, at which less mobile 137Cs accumulates. The soil and plant cover of the central floodplain are enriched with 90Sr. Differences in radionuclide migration in floodplain soils and their input into plants are determined by the relationship between the processes of their immobilization and migration with soil water. 相似文献
983.
984.
The lower Roanoke River in North Carolina, USA, has been regulated by a series of dams since the 1950s. This river and its floodplain have been identified by The Nature Conservancy, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the State of North Carolina as critical resources for the conservation of bottomland hardwoods and other riparian and in-stream biota and communities. Upstream dams are causing extended floods in the growing season for bottomland hardwood forests, threatening their survival. A coalition of stakeholders including public agencies and private organizations is cooperating with the dam managers to establish an active adaptive management program to reduce the negative impacts of flow regulation, especially extended growing season inundation, on these conservation targets. We introduce the lower Roanoke River, describe the regulatory context for negotiating towards an active adaptive management program, present our conservation objective for bottomland hardwoods, and describe investigations in which we successfully employed a series of models to develop testable management hypotheses. We propose adaptive management strategies that we believe will enable the bottomland hardwoods to regenerate and support their associated biota and that are reasonable, flexible, and economically sustainable. 相似文献
985.
986.
A. V. Krusche F. P. de Garvaiho J. M. de Moraes P. B. de Camargo M. V. R. Ballester S. Hornink L. A. Martinelli R. L. Victoria 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1997,33(5):1117-1123
ABSTRACT: The spatial and temporal variability of dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate concentration and total coliform (TC) were investigated at nine sampling stations distributed along the main rivers of the Piracicaba River Basin, a 12,400 km2 catchment located in São Paulo State, one of the most developed regions of Brazil. Spatially, a downstream impoverishment of water quality conditions was observed, as seen by the decrease of DO, and increase of BOD, nitrate, and TC. These changes were probably caused by accumulating downstream discharge of domestic and industrial sewage. Temporal evaluation of 18 years of data showed that DO decreased with time for the majority of the sampling stations, while BOD, nitrate, and TC increased. A law, approved at the end of 1991, proposed a new water tax for river water extraction for industrial and agricultural use. The amount of this tax is determined according to the water quality of the extracted water. Therefore, the evaluation of the water quality status in this basin is a first step to help resources managers to determine the values for this tax. 相似文献
987.
河水紫外线消毒的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文对河水紫外线消毒进行了研究,得到了水的浊度,水层厚度以及辐射时间与总大肠菌群存活率之间的相关关系,试验结果表明,当浊度≤12度,水层厚度≤72mm辐射时间为5分钟时,消毒后出水中的总大肠菌群数≤3个/L,并且电耗为0.29kw/m^3,该试验结果可作为工程设计的依据。 相似文献
988.
Edward A. Keller Mark H. Capelli 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1992,28(5):813-832
ABSTRACT: On February 12, 1992, a portion of the Ventura River, California, flowed through the Ventura Beach RV Resort which had recently been constructed across a major historically active distributary of the Ventura River delta. State and local land-use planners recognized the flood hazards associated with the site, but decision-makers relied on analytical methods developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and flood-hazard categories developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, which did not adequately reflect the mobile nature of the Ventura River channel and distributaries. A better understanding of the historical behavior of the Ventura River could have averted the flood damages experienced in 1992. Low intensity recreational, agricultural, or habitat restoration use of the site would minimize potential flood damages and obviate the need for structural flood protection that would impact the river's natural resources. Continued operation of the recreational vehicle park could result in additional flood damages in the relatively near future; recognizing the limitations of the flood-modeling methodologies used for the Ventura Beach RV Resort could prevent similar miscalculations of flood potential in comparable situations. 相似文献
989.
How integrated is river basin management? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Land and water management is increasingly focused upon the drainage basin. Thirty-six terms recently used for schemes of “integrated
basin management” include reference to the subject or area and to the aims of integrated river basin management, often without
allusion to the multiobjective nature. Diversity in usage of terms has occurred because of the involvement of different disciplines,
of the increasing coherence of the drainage basin approach, and the problems posed in particular parts of the world. The components
included in 21 different approaches are analyzed, and, in addition to showing that components related broadly to water supply,
river channel, land, and leisure aspects, it is concluded that there are essentially five interrelated facets of integrated
basin management that involved water, channel, land, ecology, and human activity. Two aspects not fully included in many previous
schemes concern river channel changes and the dynamic integrity of the fluvial system. To clarify the terminology used, it
is suggested that the termcomprehensive river basin management should be used where a wide range of components is involved, whereasintegrated basin management can signify the interactions of components and the dominance of certain components in the particular area.Holistic river basin management is advocated as a term representing an approach that is both fully comprehensive and integrated but also embraces the energetics
of the river system and consideration of changes of river channels and of human impacts throughout the river system. The paradigm
of working with the river can be extended to one of working with the river in the holistic basin context. 相似文献
990.
David Shankman Scott A. Samson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1991,27(2):247-254
ABSTRACT: Much of the Obion River in western Tennessee was channelized into the 1960s. Stage data from three stream-flow gaging stations on the Obion were used to determine how channelization affected flood frequency and annual maximum stage. Channelization affected the upper and lower Obion River differently. Flooding has become infrequent on the upper Obion River since channelization, even during the winter and spring which is the wettest time of year. In contrast, except for the winter months, there has been little effect on flood frequency on the lower Obion River where stage is highly dependent on the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River often backs up and floods the Obion River more than 50 km above its mouth and may contribute to flooding at an even greater distance upstream by reducing the water-surface gradient and slowing discharge. Channelization on the upper section of the river and many of the small tributaries has increased flow efficiency, but has also caused channel erosion and downstream deposition, reducing the cross-sectional channel area and possibly contributing to downstream flooding. Maximum annual stages at the upper and lower Obion River changed little. Therefore, the maximum surface area, submerged at least once each year, has been unaffected by channelization. 相似文献