基于BP神经网络和SVR的Fund?o尾矿坝排水数据预测对比研究

针对尾矿库运行过程中安全预警问题,选取2015年巴西Samarco铁矿溃坝事故案例,研究BP神经网络和SVR方法在排水数据预测的适用性。综合分析了排水数据的复杂且非线性的特点,以库水位、降雨量和干滩长度为输入特征,采用上述2个模型对尾矿坝排水数据进行预测。研究结果表明:基于BP神经网络预测结果的最大相对误差不高于4.35%;基于SVR算法的最大相对误差不高于9.21%;Fundo坝的排水预测结果是可行的,BP神经网络的预测精度更高,而SVR模型的运算速度更快。研究结果可为矿山安全工作的快速响应和溃坝预警提供信息支撑和参考依据。     

过渡流下三列圆柱传热特性的数值模拟

为了研究过渡流状态下管外流体流动与传热特性的影响因素,利用基于复合网格系统的计算方法,对不同横向间距比与纵向间距比下的三列交叉圆柱列进行数值研究。研究结果表明,纵向间距一定时,横向间距对旋涡的位置及强弱有显著影响,且因上游圆柱不稳定性尾流对下游圆柱的洗刷作用使圆柱列存在一个最佳横向间距使换热效果最佳;横向间距一定时,三列交叉圆柱列的换热效果均随纵向间距的增大而递减。     

区域物质流规模结构分析评价方法及应用研究

生态经济体系中环境的引导和调控作用是经济系统物质代谢的重要组成部分.为了更为完善地分析评价经济发展和环境压力的关系,在输入端、输出端物质流规模和结构分析中侧重于物质隐藏流的综合计算,并以广州市南沙区为例进行实证研究.研究结果表明:南沙区域出口与出口物质隐藏流呈逐步上升趋势;南沙区的区内生产过程排放呈现"先降后增、总体递增"的趋势,今后南沙区应加强对工业生产过程中工业固废和二氧化硫排放的监控.     

某炼铁厂炉顶除尘系统的风量调整与仿真分析研究

某炼铁厂炉顶除尘设备运行中各吸尘点风量失衡,造成除尘系统不能发挥应有的作用.通过对除尘系统各吸尘点风量及阻力、除尘器性能、风机性能等参数进行测试,并利用Fluent对系统内流场分布进行仿真与评估、对系统阻力平衡点进行分析,重新调整各个调节阀的开度,优化系统各吸尘点风量分布.调整后,不仅使系统达到现有条件下最佳除尘效果,而且找出了除尘系统设计及运行缺陷,提出了可行的解决方案.     

污泥焚烧项目环境监理钙硫比核算应用实践研究

在污泥焚烧项目环境监理过程中,通过核算钙硫摩尔比考察或佐证二氧化硫的去除能力及效果.根据钙硫比核算需要收集项目相关生产报表,并对污泥焚烧过程中的钙硫摩尔比进行核算.通过对钙硫比的合理性进行分析,进而考察污泥焚烧过程中二氧化硫产生情况及达标排放情况,提升环境监理工作深度.数据来源为企业实际生产报表,分析方法为钙硫元素摩尔量理论反应值、质量平衡、热量平衡.通过实际数据核算分析发现,污泥焚烧项目中的钙硫元素摩尔比明显低于理论设计值,污泥中硫在焚烧过程中转化成SO2的比例约为64.52%.     

多相流动状态下HCO_3~-对X70钢CO_2腐蚀的影响

自制实验装置,应用多种检测手段对挂片形貌、腐蚀速率以及挂片在线腐蚀情况进行分析,实验与数值仿真了多相流动状态下HCO_3~-对X70钢CO_2腐蚀速率的影响。结果表明:HCO_3~-浓度较低时,腐蚀介质中的H~+浓度升高,阴极析氢反应加快,X70钢腐蚀速度升高;HCO_3~-浓度较高时,碳酸根不溶盐优先附着在挂片表面,形成一层腐蚀产物膜,保护挂片。     

垂直流湿地基质中酶的分布与氮磷及有机质的关系

为了解垂直流人工湿地基质中酶的空间分布特点及其与基质中氮磷和有机质的关系,采用垂直流人工湿地微宇宙试验系统进行了为期4个月的运行试验,分析种植植物的皇竹草系统和不种植物的对照系统基质中不同深度层酶活性的变化,以及酶活性与基质中污染物的关系. 结果表明:脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶、蛋白酶和纤维素酶这6种酶的活性在上层(0~<10 cm)的分布特点相一致,即皇竹草系统基质中的酶活性显著高于对照系统(P＜0.05). 在垂直方向上,两个系统中6种酶的活性都表现为上层显著较高,这与基质中w(TN)、w(TP)和w(有机质)的分布规律相一致;Pearson相关性分析发现,脲酶活性与w(TN)、w(TP)、w(有机质)均呈极显著正相关(相关系数依次为0.951、0.970、0.933,P均小于0.01),过氧化氢酶、转化酶活性均与w(TN)呈极显著正相关(相关系数依次为0.997、0.916,P均小于0.01),磷酸酶活性与w(TP)、w(有机质)均呈极显著正相关(相关系数依次为0.925、0.919,P均小于0.01),转化酶活性与w(TP)呈显著相关(相关系数为0.869,P<0.05),纤维素酶活性与w(有机质)呈显著相关(相关系数为0.864,P<0.05). 研究显示,在垂直流人工湿地系统中种植皇竹草有助于提高基质中酶的活性,酶活性与氮磷及有机质等污染物的积累和迁移密切相关.      

基于可拓和组合赋权的泥石流危险性评价

基于可拓学物元理论,结合层次分析主观赋权法与灰色关联度客观赋权法,对评价因子进行组合赋权,避免单一赋权方法的片面性,建立泥石流危险性评价模型。影响泥石流危险性的因子有很多,通过现场实际调查,选取一次泥石流最大冲出量、发生频率、24 h最大降雨量等8个因子对泥石流进行危险性评价。运用该模型对卡拉地区7条泥石流沟进行危险性评价,评价结果与实际情况相吻合,表明此方法可为泥石流危险性评价提供参考。     

Experimental study of the evaporation of spreading liquid nitrogen

The investigation of cryogenic liquid pool spreading is an essential procedure to assess the hazard of cryogenic liquid usage. There is a wide range of models used to describe the spreading of a cryogenic liquid pool. Many of these models require the evaporation velocity, which has to be determined experimentally because the heat transfer process between the liquid pool and the surroundings is too complicated to be modeled. In this experimental study, to measure the evaporation velocity when the pool is spreading, liquid nitrogen was continuously released onto unconfined concrete ground. Almost all of the reported results are based on a non-spreading pool in which cryogenic liquid is instantaneously poured onto bounded ground for a very short period of time. For the precise measurement of pool spreading and evaporation weight with time, a cone-type funnel was designed to achieve a nearly constant liquid nitrogen release rate during discharge. Specifically, three nozzles with nominal flow rates of 3.4 × 10⁻² kg/s, 5.6 × 10⁻² kg/s and 9.0 × 10⁻² kg/s were used to investigate the effect of the release rate on the evaporation velocity. It is noted that information about the release rate is not necessary to measure the evaporation velocity in case of the non-spreading pool. A simultaneous measurement of the pool location using thermocouples and of the pool mass using a digital balance was carried out to measure the evaporation velocity and the pool radius. A greater release flow rate was found to result in a greater average evaporation velocity, and the evaporation velocity decreased with the spreading time and the pool radius.     

Perceived social impact,social worth,and job performance: Mediation by motivation

This study was designed to test the relationship between perceived social impact, social worth, supervisor‐rated job performance (1 month later), and mediating effects by commitment to customers and work engagement. The hypotheses were tested with structural equation modeling analysis in a field study with 370 customer‐service employees from bank, retail, and sales positions. Results confirm that perceived social impact is associated with better job performance and that this relationship is mediated by work engagement. Furthermore, results support a second mediating mechanism in which perceived social impact and social worth are associated with engagement through affective commitment to customers. Finally, it was found that engaged employees are rated as better performers by supervisors 1 month later. This study supports the motivational approach to performance and highlights the role that interactions with customers may play in motivating service employees. Practical implications are discussed by highlighting the need to consider the social dynamics in service contexts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.