东南沿海地区土地利用转换态势与机制分析

引进土地利用动态度、利用优势度和类型复杂度评判指标,重点揭示20世纪90年代东南沿海地区土地利用类型转换程度、时空差异及其机制。研究表明:东南沿海地区耕地减少122.2×10⁴hm²,建设用地增加85.9×10⁴hm²。土地利用类型转换态势受区域经济社会发展水平及其结构变动的深刻影响。市场经济体制的完善和个体股份机制的创新为沿海土地利用类型快速转换提供了政策平台。人口增长与技术进步是土地利用类型转换的原动力,并通过推进各类产业园区(包括开发区)、中心村镇建设而作用于土地利用类型转换的全过程。     

CeO_2-CoO/ACF低温SCR烟气脱氮性能的研究

活性炭纤维(ACF)经硝酸处理后采用浸渍法制备了CeO2-CoO/ACF复合催化剂,测试了其在以氨气为还原剂的低温SCR过程中的催化活性,同时研究了金属氧化物浸渍顺序及负载量、催化剂煅烧温度、空速比(SV)、NH3/NO(摩尔比)、O2含量等因素对NO转化效率的影响。研究发现,负载量为10%的CeO2-CoO/ACF复合催化剂经煅烧后在120~240℃时具有很高的催化活性,并且在NO初始浓度为1 000 mg/m3、空速比(SV)为6 000 h-1、NH3/NO为1.05、O2体积分数在3.0%时具有较高的NO转化效率。     

超低排放路线下燃煤烟气可凝结颗粒物在WFGD、WESP中的转化特性

固定污染源可凝结颗粒物在监测时常被忽视,为了减少可凝结颗粒物排放,本文研究了其在烟气净化设施中的转化规律.结果表明,湿法脱硫装置、湿式电除尘装置对可凝结颗粒物的去除有协同作用,烟气中可凝结颗粒物质量浓度均高于可过滤颗粒物,但总颗粒物(可凝结颗粒物和可过滤颗粒物之和)排放量达到超低排放要求.在湿法脱硫进出口处可凝结颗粒物中有机物的质量浓度均超过了无机物的质量浓度,但在湿式电除尘出口处趋近相等.根据可凝结颗粒物无机部分水溶性离子成分及浓度的测试结果,推测可凝结颗粒物捕集过程中会有PM0.3进入,可凝结颗粒物形成过程中会产生酸雾,并且在湿法脱硫、湿式电除尘作用下,酸性加强.本研究发现SO2-4是可凝结颗粒物无机部分主要的特征水溶性离子.     

A coordinated control strategy using supercapacitor energy storage and series dynamic resistor for enhancement of fault ride-through of doubly fed induction generator

Power fluctuation and fault-related complication are the two major issues for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind energy conversion system (WECS). The occurrence of fault leads to the rotor over current, stator over current, and DC-link overvoltage as well. These uncertainties may damage the rotor circuit, converter circuit and force the disconnection of wind system from the grid. To get rid of these issues, a supercapacitor energy storage element along with a passive series dynamic resistor (SDR) is suggested in this paper. Supercapacitor energy storage system (SCESS) is located across the DC-link, which able to handle the power fluctuation and the SDR is placed in rotor circuit, which will reduce the overcurrent possibility. Simulation is carried for a DFIG-based WECS for three phase to ground fault and two phase to ground fault. During symmetrical fault as well as asymmetrical fault, various operational disorders appeared such as rotor overcurrent, stator overcurrent and DC-Link overvoltage are found to be within their permissible limits. The results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed strategy over the conventional vector control scheme and SCESS as well.     

1株Arthrobacter arilaitensis菌的耐冷异养硝化和好氧反硝化作用

分别采用高浓度的铵态氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮、有机氮模拟废水和铵态氮与硝态氮、铵态氮与亚硝态氮混合模拟废水,研究耐冷反硝化细菌Arthrobacter arilaitensis Y-10的异养硝化、好氧反硝化以及同时硝化和反硝化能力,通过测定Y-10菌株在整个脱氮过程中的D600值,分析细菌生长与生物脱氮之间的联系.结果表明,耐冷菌株Arthrobacter arilaitensis Y-10具有很强的硝化和反硝化能力,15℃条件下,4 d内分别可将铵态氮由208.43 mg·L~(-1)降至72.92 mg·L~(-1),去除率65.0%;硝态氮由201.16mg·L~(-1)降至0 mg·L~(-1),去除率为100%;亚硝态氮由194.33 mg·L~(-1)降至75.43 mg·L~(-1),去除率为61.2%.该菌只在含硝态氮的模拟废水中才会产生亚硝态氮积累;此外,在混合模拟废水中,以去除铵态氮为主.总之,Arthrobacter arilaitensis Y-10能在15℃条件下有效进行异养硝化和好氧反硝化作用,在不同无机氮混合模拟废水中对铵态氮的去除率高达80.0%以上.     

制备方法对二氧化钛粉末薄膜光电极性能的影响研究

目的研究光电功能涂层制备方法对粉末薄膜光电极的光电转换效率的影响。方法采用喷涂法制备光电材料的FTO薄膜光电极,观察其表面形貌,通过研究光电流和光电位的变化评价光电材料的光电转换效率,并与点涂法和电泳法制备的光电极进行对比分析。结果喷涂法制备的二氧化钛FTO薄膜光电极性能优于其他两种方法制备的电极,在3.5%氯化钠溶液中,光电位变化更稳定,压降大于500 m V,光电流变化大于60μA/cm~2。结论喷涂法制备光电极能够提高半导体粉末材料的光电化学效率,是一种可推行的薄膜光电极制备方法。     

金属载体钙钛矿型催化转化器在柴油车上的应用研究

采用催化技术对金属载体转化器进行再生的方法,通过对转化器结构尺寸的优化设计,用钙钛矿催化剂制成金属载体催化转化器,实验结果发现,能明显降低柴油机排气PM的起燃温度,约在220℃左右.催化转化器的背压能严格的控制在5kPa左右,低于其上限值20kPa,说明催化转化器耗能小,对柴油机的影响很小,催化转化器的使用时间长.     

水中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮及硝酸盐氮相互关系探讨

在水中,氮既是生命元素,又是环境污染的主要因子,其转化是多变的,其中硝化作用和反硝化作用是关键反应,它将较稳定的 NH4^＋转化成 NO3^-,后者容易渗滤,被植物吸收或进一步脱氮。用河水进行了实验室试验,研究了氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮及硝酸盐氮三者的相互关系。观察了亚硝化作用和硝化作用的历程,描述了其变化规律,并对其在水中的迁移、转化过程及机理结合文献进行了研究讨论。根据实验结果,对今后的研究方向和污水的排放标准提出了建议。     

用MATLAB实现滤波器对数字地震资料处理初探

本文介绍了用MATLAB工具软件对数字离散信号进行频谱分析和设计FIR数字滤波器的方法，并用它对数字地震记录进行频谱分析和滤波处理。文中还给出了地震台站测震数据进行频谱分析和滤波处理的实例，对台站在地震数据处理中有一定的应用价值。     

Benzene conversion by manganese dioxide assisted silent discharge plasma

Non-thermal plasma technologies have shown their promising potential specially for the low concentration of volatile organic compound control in indoor air in recent years. But it is also high energy consuming. So, to improve the energy efficiency, adding catalysts which enhance the plasma chemical reactions to plasma reactors may be a good selection. Therefore, in this study the manganese dioxide assisted silent discharge plasma was developed for benzene conversion at a relatively high energy efficiency. The results show that MnO₂ could promote complete oxidation of benzene with O₂ and O₃ produced in the plasma discharge zone. The energy efficiency of benzene conversion with MnO₂ was two folds as much as that without catalysts. It was also found that the site of MnO₂ in the reactor and the energy density had effects on benzene conversion. While the energy density was lower than 48 J/L, benzene conversion decreased with the increase in the distance between MnO₂ bed and the plasma discharge zone. Whereas when the energy density was higher than 104 J/L, benzene conversion had an optimal value that was governed by the distance between MnO₂ bed and the plasma discharge zone. The mechanism of benzene oxidation in plasma discharges and over MnO₂ is discussed in detail. __________ Translated from China Environmental Science, 2006, 26(6): 703–707 [译自: 中国环境科学]