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431.
土壤中麦草灵残留的固相萃取—高效液相色谱测定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
土壤中麦草灵用酸性乙醇提取,采用固相萃取技术用Sep-Pak C18柱净化浓缩,以反相离子抑制高效液相色谱分离测定,方法简便、快速、在土壤中的检出下限为0.04mg·kg^-1回收率范围在83.8-85.8%之间。 相似文献
432.
433.
固相萃取结合GC和GC—MS快速测定血浆中局麻药 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文用本实验室发展起来的X-5大孔高分子树脂固相萃取预处理技术,结合毛细管气相色谱和GC-MS,建立了人血浆中12种局部麻醉药的筛选方法。该方法快速简便,其灵敏度和线性范围满足临床急性中毒分析的要求。 相似文献
434.
用SPE法萃取,GC/NPD检测全血中氯氮平药物 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文报道了用固相萃取技术(SPE)富集分离全血中的氯氮平药物,采用气相色谱氮磷检测器(GC/NPD)分析方法凤SKF525A为内标物,在1ml全血中加入2.0μg药物,回收率为90.0%,RSD为7.95%,血中最低检出浓度为58ng.ml^-1,该方法具有简单、快速、准确、1灵敏的优点。 相似文献
435.
以连续提取法研究了我国南方主要酸性土壤铝的形态及其分布特点,探讨了不同铝形态之间的关系及其与母质、成土过程、环境条件的联系。还研究了土壤酸化对铝形态转化的影响.并以连续提取法提取的三种铝形态(交换性铝、活性羟基铝,有机络合态铝)来讨论现今常用的Al。(Tamm溶液提取)和Ald(DCB溶液提取)所可能包含的实际土壤铝形态,分析表明,Al0和Ald无明确的形态意义,只是上种由操作定义的多形态组成的混合物。 相似文献
436.
环境样品前处理技术及其进展(二) 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
在前文中讨论了环境样品的制备、前处理的概况,以及超临界流体萃取法。本文将继续报导近年来环境样品制备与前处理领域中其他一些新技术和新方法,包括固相萃取(SPE)、微波溶出(MWD)和液膜萃取(SLM)法,阐述了这些方法的基本原理、操作过程、各种实验参数的影响,及其在环境样品制备与前处理中的应用,并探讨了该领域的发展动向。 相似文献
437.
渤海海水淡化反渗透法的预处理工艺 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
采用“消毒-混凝-澄清一砂滤”、“消毒-混凝-澄清-砂滤-超滤”以及“消毒-砂滤-超滤”三套海水淡化预处理工艺进行了试验对比。试验的目的在于获取可行的反渗透预处理工艺。表明,采用“消毒-混凝-澄清-砂滤-超滤”工艺或“消毒-砂滤-超滤”工艺是技术可行的反渗透预处理工艺,其中次氯酸钠为可选消毒剂,三氯化铁为较好的混凝剂,而超滤是不可或缺的单元处理工艺。 相似文献
438.
Fracturing, either pneumatic or hydraulic, is a method to improve the performance of soil vapor extraction (SVE) in relatively low permeability soils (< 10(-5) cm/s). A two-dimensional model is presented to simulate trichloroethylene (TCE) soil vapor extraction modified by fracturing. Flow and transport is modeled using mobile macropore and micropore networks, which also have been identified in the literature as dual porosity, dual permeability, or heterogeneous flow models. In this model, fluids can flow in both the macropore and micropore networks. This represents a more general model compared to immobile micropore, mobile macropore models presented thus far in the literature for vapor flow and transport in two dimensions. The model considers pressure- and concentration-driven exchange between the macropore and micropore networks, concentration-driven exchange between the gas and sorbed phases within each network, and equilibrium exchange between the gas and water and a sorbed phase within each network. The parameters employed in an example simulation are based on field measurements made at a fractured site. Considered in the simulations were the influence of the volume percentage of fractures, the length of fractures, the relative location of the water table, and the influence of pulsed pumping. For these simulations, internetwork concentration-driven exchange most significantly affected mass removal. The volume percentage of fractures more significantly influence flow and mass removal than the length of fractures. The depth of the water table below the contamination plume only significantly influenced flow and mass removal when the water table was within 60 cm of the bottom of the contaminated soil in the vadose zone for the parameters considered in this study. Pulsed pumping was not found to increase the amount of mass removed in this study. 相似文献
439.
Almeida CM Mucha AP Vasconcelos MT 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(5):271-277
Goal, Scope and Background The presence or absence of vegetation can condition sediment characteristics. The main aim of this work was to investigate
the influence of the sea rush Juncus maritimus on metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) availability to organisms living
on or in estuarine sediments, from Douro River (NW Portugal), by comparing the characteristics and chemical behaviour of rhizosediments
(collected within the plant assemblage) and those of sediment (collected around the plant). In order to evaluate whether and
how sediment characteristics condition the role of plants on metal availability, sandy and muddy sediments colonised by J.
maritimus were studied in parallel.
Methods Metal availability was estimated by enzymatic digestion with pepsin (ED), which may provide an estimate of metal availability
to organisms living at estuarine sediments. Nevertheless, since no consensus exists yet on the most suitable methodologies
to estimate metal bioavailability in sediments, two more conventional approaches, BCR sequential extraction (SE) and AVS/SEM
model, were also used, in parallel, and the information these approaches provided was compared with that provided by ED. Total-recoverable
metal contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after sediment digestion using a high-pressure microwave
system.
Results and Discussion Plants could concentrate metals around its roots and rhizomes. In addition, they were capable of oxidizing (release of oxygen
by the roots) the anaerobic medium surrounding their roots in muddy sediment (reducing AVS). As sulphide oxidation renders
metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) into more soluble forms, according to the AVS/SEM model, metals from muddy sites would be more
available in rhizosediment than in sediment. The SE approach led to a similar conclusion. Nevertheless, the results provided
by ED pointed at opposite conclusion, particularly for Cd and Zn, indicating less availability at rhizosediments than in the
surrounding sediment. ED results were interpreted as a consequence of an enrichment of the rhizosediment in organic ligands
exuded by the roots or liberated by dead plants. The effect of complexation of metals by organic compounds, which ED could
not decompose/dissolve, seemed to overcome that caused by sediment oxidation. In general, a comparison of the information
about metal availability by ED, SE, AVS/SEM, showed that it did not always match and in few cases it was even contradictory.
Conclusion and Outlook Therefore, a thorough evaluation of the metal availability in sediments requires a combination of different chemical approaches,
so as to take into consideration differences in ways of organism exposure (interstitial water and/or ingestion of sediment
particles).
- * The basis of this peer-reviewed paper is a presentation at the 9th FECS Conference on 'Chemistry and Environment', 29 August
to 1 September 2004, Bordeaux, France. 相似文献
440.
研究了以Span80和Tween60为混合表面活性剂的微乳液膜的配方及其稳定性,通过Span80-Tween60/T154/煤油/H2SO4微乳液膜体系处理氨氮废水的研究,考察了表面活性剂的配比、T154的浓度、萃取时间、乳水比、外水相pH值、油相回用次数等因素对氨氮萃取率的影响。实验结果表明,当Span80和Tween60的质量比为4∶1,T154在煤油中的质量浓度为5%,萃取时间为15 min,乳水比为1∶14,外水相pH值为9时,氨氮一次性萃取率可到99.85%;该微乳液膜不仅稳定性好,对氨氮萃取率高,而且制乳、破乳容易,油相可重复使用。 相似文献