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441.
The 87Sr/86Sr ratios in monthly precipitation in the forested basin at Kawakami, central Japan, varied seasonally from 0.709 to 0.711 in spring to as low as 0.7062 ± 0.0004 in autumn over nine years from 1987 to 1995. The seasonal variation can be explained in terms of the mixing of three sources of Sr: sea salt (87Sr/86Sr 0.70917), soluble eolian minerals originating from deserts in continental Asia ( 0.711), and biogenic materials growing on soils derived from the volcanic rock substrates in the vicinity ( 0.706). It is estimated that the contribution of sea-salt Sr into the Kawakami rain Sr is relatively constant (10 ± 5%) and that more than half of the Sr is of biogenic origin throughout the year except during spring rains when 50% of the Sr is due to the dissolution of Ca-minerals from Asian dusts. The dominant contribution of eolian components to spring rains is consistent with the high concentration of 3H, which is typical of air masses from Asia. 相似文献
442.
Soil vapor extraction (SVE) systems are intended to cause substantial volumes of air to flow through the subsurface with the purpose of removing volatile contaminants. The effectiveness of SVE can be influenced by any effect that changes the specific gas capacity (discharge as a function of vacuum) of a well. Skins of low permeability material enveloping a well bore are widely recognized to affect the performance of wells used to recover water, natural gas, or petroleum, and skin can also significantly diminish the performance of an SVE well. Skins a few mm thick consisting of material whose gas phase permeability is 0.01 of the formation can reduce the specific gas capacity of an SVE well by factors of 2 to 10 or more. Hydraulic fractures created in the vicinities of shallow wells commonly resemble sand-filled layers shaped like flat-lying disks or gently dipping saucers. The contrast between the gas-phase permeability of the sand in the fracture and that of the formation is particularly important, with significant effects requiring the ratio to be greater than approximately 50. Shallow hydraulic fractures filled with several tenths of m3 of sand in formations that are several orders of magnitude less permeable than that of the enveloping formation should increase specific gas capacity by factors of 10 or more. Field tests of the effects of hydraulic fractures on the performance of SVE were conducted by creating four wells intersecting fractures and a suite of control wells created using conventional methods in silty saprolite. Specific gas capacities ranged over more than an order of magnitude for 10 wells completed within a small area (2 m2) and at the same depth. Specific capacities correlate to the drilling method that was used to create the bore for the well: lowest values occurred in wells drilled with a machine auger, slightly better results were obtained using a Shelby tube, and the best results were obtained from conventional wells bored with a hand auger. Skin factors determined for wells created with a machine auger could be explained by a layer 1 cm thick that has 0.007 times the permeability of the enveloping material, which could readily have been created during the drilling procedure. Specific capacities of wells intersecting hydraulic fractures were 5 to 100 times more than those of conventional wells. The large difference in performance appears to be due in part to the beneficial effects of the fracture, and in part to the detrimental effects of well skin. 相似文献
443.
一种经济、简单的微生物基因组DNA的提取方法 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
获得一定浓度和纯度的DNA是进行分子生物学研究的基础。破解细胞壁与细胞膜是获得基因组DNA的前提,而蛋白质和核酸物质的分离是获得高质量DNA产物的关键。目前,主要采用的破壁方法有:冷冻研磨法、溶菌酶法、EDTA测等,这些方法一般采用复杂的裂解液体系,并借助蛋白酶K和RNA酶的帮助来获得高质量的抽提产物。由于细胞裂解体系不仅配制十分麻烦,而日部分药品有毒操作危险性大,此外部分药品及相关酶试剂价格昂贵。本文充分利用DNA在不同温度下自身可变性与复性的特性和在高盐与高温条件下蛋白质能够变性并沉淀。以无菌的SDS(c/c=20%)和NaCl(c/c=8%)的混合液作裂解体系,在沸水浴中破壁膜并使得部分的蛋白质变性和DNA变性并得到初步分离;随后在60℃和72℃水浴中使变性的DNA复性和重新凝聚,同时让RNA、蛋白质和细胞壁碎片等杂质降解或沉淀,从而获得高质量的DNA产物。 相似文献
444.
Changes in speciation and mobility of As by indigenous bacteria in As-contaminated sediments (339 mg/kg) from an abandoned
Au–Ag mine area in Korea were investigated after biostimulation with a variety of carbon sources, including acetate, lactate
and glucose in batch experiments. Sequential extraction analysis designed to determine the form of As occurrence revealed
that 40 and 47% of As were present in the sediment as Fe-associated and residual fractions, respectively. After 22-day incubation
with acetate and lactate, the presence of indigenous bacteria increased the amount of total dissolved As from both Fe-associated
and residual fractions in the sediment. More than 99% of dissolved As existed as As(V) in biotic slurries in contrast to sterile
controls (less than 50% of total dissolved As), which indicated that indigenous bacteria transformed some dissolved As(III)
to As(V). In real environments, depending on the pH, microbially-produced aqueous As(V) may be either immobilized through
adsorption or reduced to As(III) after migration to the anoxic subsurface. 相似文献
445.
1 IntroductionInorganiccontaminants,phenolcompoundsaredeterminedprioritycontaminantbyUSEPA[1 ].ThephenolcompoundsinthedrinkingwaterisstipulatedasabsolutelydeterminationitembytheEuropeanEconomicCommunity (E E C .)andourcountry.Themeasurementofpollutionish… 相似文献
446.
447.
海洋微藻活体及乙醇固定状态下基因组DNA的微量提取方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
探讨了海洋微藻活体及固定状态下基因组DNA的提取方法,即作者改进的CTAB法.结果表明,CTAB改进法提取的基因组DNA蛋白质、酚、盐和小分子的污染较少,多糖成份也得到了有效去除.用5%乙醇固定样本提取DNA的效果最好,对原生动物抑制效果也较明显;10%以上的乙醇可杀死原生动物,但对DNA的降解率较大;30%以上的乙醇对细菌抑制较明显,但DNA都有较大程度的降解.本法提取的DNA可用于正常的酶切和PCR.用甲醛、甲醇/冰醋酸等其它固定液固定样品,DNA的得率低或者质量和纯度低.图7表1参27 相似文献
448.
Total concentrations and extractable fractionations of As and Sb were determined in soil samples from former mining sites in Scotland and Italy. Pseudo-total levels of As and Sb in the sample were between 50–17,428 mg/kg and 10–1,187 mg/kg (Scotland), and 16–691 mg/kg and 1.63–11.44 mg/kg (Italy). Between 0.001–0.63% and <0.001−8.82% of the total soil As and Sb, were extractable using, a single extraction bioavailability estimate. Data from an As-specific extraction procedure revealed that up to 60% of As was associated to amorphous Fe-Al oxyhydroxide phase in all soils. A non-specific-sequential extraction test also showed As to be strongly associated with Fe (and Al) oxyhydroxides at both locations. In the case of Sb, in addition to the crystalline Fe-oxide bound Sb the Al-silicate phase also appeared to be significant. At both sites Sb appears to be chemically more accessible than As with consistent availability despite the varied origin and host soil properties. 相似文献
449.
450.