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531.
Sand-trapping fences modify the character of the coastal landscape and change its spatial structure, image, and meaning. This
paper examines the relationship between these changes and fence usage at the municipal level, where most decisions about fence
deployment are made. Use of fences in 29 municipalities on the developed coast of New Jersey is examined over a 6-year period.
Interviews with municipal officers indicate that wooden slat sand-trapping fences are used primarily to build dunes to provide
protection against wave uprush and flooding, but they are also used to control pedestrian traffic and demarcate territory.
These uses result in changes in landforms and habitats. An aerial video inventory of fences taken in 2002 indicates that 82%
of the shoreline had fences and 72% had dunes. Single and double straight fence rows are the most commonly used. Fences are
often built to accomplish a specific primary purpose, but they can cause many different and often unanticipated changes to
the landscape. The effects of a sand fence change through time as the initial structure traps sand, creates a dune that is
colonized by vegetation, and becomes integrated into the environment by increasing topographic variability and aesthetic and
habitat value. Sand fences can be made more compatible with natural processes by not placing them in locations where sources
of wind blown sand are restricted or in unnatural shore perpendicular orientations. Symbolic fences are less expensive, are
easy to replace when damaged, are less visually intrusive, and can be used for controlling pedestrian access. 相似文献
532.
二元有机酸的络合萃取研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了磷酸三丁酯(TBP)和甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)对乙二酸,丙二酸,丁二酸和己二酸等二元有机酸的萃取及其影响因素。结果表明,萃取反应为中性络合萃取机理,有机相中生成1:2的萃合物;空腔效应,偶极作用和氢键等是影响萃取性能的主要因素;稀释剂,无机盐,温度及二元有机酸结构等对萃取性能都有重要影响。 相似文献
533.
Enrichment and fractionation of heavy metals in bed sediments of River Narmada, India 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A metal fractionation study on bed sediments of River Narmada in Central India has been carried out to examine the enrichment
and partitioning of different metal species between five geochemical phases (exchangeable fraction, carbonate fraction, Fe/Mn
oxide fraction, organic fraction and residual fraction). The river receives toxic substances through a large number of tributaries
and drains flowing in the catchment of the river. The toxic substances of particular interest are heavy metals derived from
urban runoff as well as municipal sewage and industrial effluents. Heavy metals entering the river get adsorbed onto the suspended
sediments, which in due course of time settle down in the bottom of the river. In this study fractionation of metal ions has
been carried out with the objective to determine the eco-toxic potential of metal ions. Although, in most cases (except iron)
the average trace/heavy metal concentrations in sediments were higher than the standard shale values, the risk assessment
code as applied to the present study reveals that only about 1–3% of manganese, <1% of copper, 16–19% of nickel, 4–20% of
chromium, 1–4% of lead, 8–13% of cadmium and 1–3% of zinc exist in exchangeable fraction and therefore falls under low to
medium risk category. According to the Geo-accumulation Index (GAI), cadmium shows high accumulation in the river sediments,
rest of other metals are under unpolluted to moderately polluted class. 相似文献
534.
535.
536.
ASE萃取-SPE净化-气相色谱法测定土壤中有机氯农药 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
建立了加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取净化-气相色谱测定土壤中α-六六六、β-六六六、γ-六六六、δ-六六六、P,P′-DDE、P,P′-DDD、O,P′-DDT、P,P′-DDT等8种有机氯农药的方法。在0μg/L~500μg/L范围内方法线性良好,8种有机氯农药的检出限在0.06μg/kg~0.21μg/kg之间,基质加标试验的相对标准偏差为2.2%~5.8%,回收率为81.5%~113%。 相似文献
537.
Adaptation of Nitraria sphaerocarpa to wind-blown sand environments
at the edge of a desert oasis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study addresses the adaptation of Nitraria sphaervcarpa to blown sand at the edge of a desert oasis with regard to the aspects of soil seed banks, seedlings, and population. Horizontally, the total number of seeds per unit area decreased from the shrub canopy center to intershrub areas, and most seeds were found under shrub canopies. Vertically, the highest proportion of seeds was found at depths of 5-10 cm. The emergence percentage, seedling mass, and seedling height, which were significantly affected by both burial depth and seed size, were highest at the optimal burial depth of 2 cm, and decreased with increasing burial depth in each seed size-class. Although seedling mass was usually greatest for large seeds and least for small seeds at each burial depth, little difference was observed in seedling height at shallow burial depths of 0-3 cm. The population shows a patchy and discontinuous distribution pattern. Population height increases with increasing sand depth. Also the density increases with increasing depth of sand in the desert; however, there is a steady decrease when the depth of sand is more than 100 cm. This result indicates that the depth of sand that is most suitable for the growth of Nitraria sphaervcarpa is 100 cm. The size of the population is significantly correlated with the sand depth, which increases with increasing depth in the desert. 相似文献
538.
Mohammad Khan Jamali Tasneem Gul Kazi Mohammad Bilal Arain Hassan Imran Afridi Nusrat Jalbani Jameel A. Baig Abdul Niaz 《The Environmentalist》2008,28(4):366-375
The recycling of sewage sludge on agriculture land represents an alternative, advantageous, disposal of this waste material.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of using industrial sewage sludge, produced in Pakistan, as a
fertiliser. Agricultural soil amended with 25% (w/w) sewage sludge with or without lime treatment was used for growing a variety
of sorghum (PARC-SS-1). The mobility of the heavy metals (HMs) (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) and metalloid (As) in the untreated
industrial waste water sewage sludge (UIWS) samples were assessed by applying a modified BCR (Community Bureau of Reference)
sequential extraction procedure. The single extraction procedure comprised of the application of mild extractant (CaCl2) and water for the estimation of the proportion of easily soluble metal fractions. The precision and accuracy of BCR was
evaluated by using a certified reference material of soil amended with sewage sludge BCR 483. The plant available metal contents,
as extracted by the deionised water and 0.01 M CaCl2 solution and exchangeable fraction of BCR sequential, decreased with lime application in the range of 10–44% for As, Cr,
Ni, Pb and Zn, except in the cases of Cd and Cu, where their mobility was increased by 10% and 24%, respectively. Sludge amendment
enhanced the dry weight yield of sorghum and the increase was more obvious after liming up to 25%. The uptake of HMs were
lower in test samples (3.2–21.8%), except for Cu and Cd, which was higher (4%), while they were below the permissible limit
of these metals. The present experiment demonstrates that liming was important in factors facilitating the growth of sorghum
in sludge-amended soil. 相似文献
539.
540.
Sammut ML Rose J Masion A Fiani E Depoux M Ziebel A Hazemann JL Proux O Borschneck D Noack Y 《Chemosphere》2008,70(11):1945-1951
There is a growing concern regarding the environmental and public health risks associated with airborne particulate matter (PM). The basic oxygen furnace is one of the most important atmospheric dust sources of the steel manufacturing process. It emits dust enriched in heavy metal such as Zn, which is assumed to contribute to the toxic potential of atmospheric PM. Dust collected before and after the filtration system was analyzed to determine Zn speciation. To this end, a variety of analytical tools were used and a sequential extraction protocol has been specifically developed for iron and steel dust. The Zn speciation results obtained by EXAFS and sequential extraction were in excellent agreement. Before filtration, the speciation of Zn in BOF was 43% ZnFe2O4, 23% ZnCO3 and 16% ZnO. The same species were detected after filtration with different proportions. BOF dust after filtration contains more soluble Zn phases which may play a role in the toxic effects of the emissions. 相似文献