色彩心理与城市交通安全文化分析

城市交通采用什么色彩更适宜,是一个交通安全文化与色彩设计和谐的问题。为防止或减少因交通色彩无秩序、不和谐、无标准而导致的交通事故,对交通、色彩、环境与人这一复杂系统当中色彩作用于人的心理而引起的感性及生理上的反应与交通色彩安全问题做了分析,阐述了色彩心理效应对交通安全文化的要求,提出了控制对策,为今后城市交通安全色彩设计提供了基础研究。     

Examining the CDCynergy Event Assessment Tool: an investigation of the anthrax crisis in Boca Raton, Florida

This paper examines the dependability of the Event Assessment Tool over time. The latter is part of a CD-ROM--Emergency Risk Communication CDCynergy--distributed primarily to public information officers in the United States by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Event Assessment Tool is designed to aid emergency professionals in identifying the magnitude of a crisis event and to suggest appropriate actions to confront such a situation. Applied twice during the 2001 anthrax bioterrorism crisis in Boca Raton, Florida, the tool functioned in a binary manner by first indicating a moderate crisis level (on 4 October) and then four days later (on 8 October) a highly intense crisis, suggesting that it is time sensitive. This anthrax event provides an opportunity for crisis and disaster managers to understand the dynamic nature of crises. Rapid changes during these types of events suggest that any metric used to predict intensity must account for this variability. Additional limitations and implications of the tool are discussed.     

兼顾公平与效率的无人机应急中继通信选址优化问题

为提高应急救援中无人机应急中继通信资源配置的公平与效率,在考虑无人机中继通信覆盖范围限制、各受灾用户集群点分布情况、受灾群众公平性感知的基础上,构建以最大化系统吞吐量为效率目标、最小化受灾群众公平损失值为公平目标的无人机应急中继通信选址多目标0-1非线性整数规划模型,采用基于k-means的模拟退火算法对其进行求解,并以实际案例为背景构造算例,验证本文提出模型和算法的可行性与有效性,并进行多目标分析及参数敏感性分析。研究结果表明：本文提出的模型和算法能在较短时间得到无人机应急中继通信选址方案,保证所有受灾用户集群点获得通信中继;同时,确定最佳无人机设备数量,验证公平目标与效率目标存在悖反关系。     

基于STM32F103ZET6的自定义通信协议电梯监控系统设计

针对电梯运行状态监控问题,提出一种基于自定义通信协议的电梯远程监控系统的设计方案。以STM32F103ZET6为控制核心的电梯监测终端,通过对传感器信号进行检测分析获得电梯运行状态及故障的信息,监测服务平台与电梯监测终端之间采用自定义的通信协议进行数据通信,监测服务平台将所获取的电梯状态及故障信息发送到云计算中心服务器。用户通过客户端登录电梯监控系统,可以实时查看电梯的运行状态、故障信息及历史信息。通过长期实际应用,该监控系统运行稳定可靠,能够实现对电梯远程的实时、可靠监控,为电梯的维修、维护提供及时准确的信息。     

Agricultural production and bird conservation in complex landscapes of the dry Chaco

The South American dry Chaco is a mosaic of woody vegetation and grasslands with high deforestation rates in recent decades. Considering forests and grasslands as the main natural habitats, we assessed the trade-offs between bird populations and agricultural production to compare the potential consequences of different land use strategies (‘sharing’, ‘sparing’, and intermediate) for populations of bird species sensitive to agriculture, while attaining a regional production target. We evaluated how populations responded to scenarios with different proportions of forest and grasslands, considering three reference states (100% forest, 80:20% and 50:50% forest and grasslands, respectively); and scenarios capable of meeting three after-farming scenarios, with land destined to reach a regional production target with three variations of forest:grasslands within spared land. We fitted curves to relate bird abundance to agricultural yield along a gradient of meat production intensity; and we classified bird species as ‘losers’ (if their populations were lower than the baseline population in the reference state, at any level of production) and ‘winners’ (if their current populations were higher than the baseline population). At the ‘current’ (c. 2010) level of regional agricultural production, we found a similar number of loser species maximized by land-sparing and land-sharing strategies; while intermediate strategies were the least favourable to balance production and bird populations. Under the most probable scenarios of increases in regional meat production, most loser bird species populations were maximized by a land-sparing strategy, suggesting that if meat production targets are going to increase in the region, this can be more efficiently achieved by combining well-protected forests and grasslands, and high-yielding mechanized agriculture (e.g. soybean). Our results highlight the importance of assessing all the important natural habitats (e.g. forests and grasslands) of a region to explore conservation strategies at a regional scale.     

创新基金推动中小环保企业的快速发展

概述了自1999-2009年以来,我国第一个用于支持科技型中小企业技术创新的政府专项基金—科技型中小企业技术创新基金,对中小环保企业快速发展的支持和促进作用;提出环保企业应充分利用技术创新基金,推动环保产业更快发展。     

论生态指标在生态学和政策之间的桥梁作用

日益严峻的生态与环境问题表明,生态学对实现可持续发展的相关决策的影响力还很有限。从知识生产、传播和应用的角度,系统分析了妨碍生态学服务于政策的因素,指出生态知识传播的形式不当是主要原因之一。生态指标是关于生态系统结构、组成成分或功能方面的可度量的特征,它是生态系统的指示器,也是生态信息的有效传播形式之一。生态指标能够以一种易于公众和决策者理解和交流的方式来提供生态信息,服务于相关生态和环境政策的制定。实际上,只有由生态学家、政策制定者和决策者共同参与开发出来的生态指标才能真正成为生态学和政策的桥梁,才能有助于消除决策者和生态学家之间的隔阂,促进形成科学合理的生态政策。为了让生态学更好地服务于可持续发展的相关决策,还应该将生态指标与社会经济指标结合起来     

Heat map visualization of complex environmental and biomarker measurements

Over the past decade, the assessment of human systems interactions with the environment has permeated all phases of environmental and public health research. We are invoking lessons learned from the broad discipline of Systems Biology research that focuses primarily on molecular and cellular networks and adapting these concepts to Systems Exposure Science which focuses on interpreting the linkage from environmental measurements and biomonitoring to the expression of biological parameters. A primary tool of systems biology is the visualization of complex genomic and proteomic data using “heat maps” which are rectangular color coded arrays indicating the intensity (or amount) of the dependent variable. Heat maps are flexible in that both the x-axis and y-axis can be arranged to explore a particular hypothesis and allow a fast overview of data with a third quantitative dimension captured as different colors. We are now adapting these tools for interpreting cumulative and aggregate environmental exposure measurements as well as the results from human biomonitoring of biological media including blood, breath and urine. This article uses existing EPA measurements of environmental and biomarker concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to demonstrate the value of the heat map approach for hypothesis development and to link back to stochastic and mixed effects models that were originally used to assess study results.     

光纤电力通信系统故障诊断方法及应用实践

在综合分析、比较了最新发展的光纤通信网络的4种故障诊断方法的计算复杂度、平均检测次数,结合江西省电力通信网络的具体情况的基础上,提出了一套故障诊断的改进方案。该方案将该电力通信网络简化为一个有向图,并考虑电力通信网络的单故障边失效和单故障节点失效两种情形。基于该电力通信的网络拓扑分析、权衡故障诊断时间及故障诊断精确度表明,边概率失效的故障诊断方法适用于单故障边失效情形,而对于单故障节点失效情形,基于图论的系统模型、网络模型以及改进的反向检测模型的性能相当。该方案将对提高江西省电力通信网络系统的诊断效率以及可靠性具有借鉴和参考作用。     

室内空气中甲醛、苯系物的污染特征分析

选取百户新装修居室进行室内空气中甲醛、苯系物的监测,发现新装修居室中甲醛污染严重,超标率达80%,近1/3超标2倍以上;苯系物中以甲苯、二甲苯的污染为主要特征,超标率分别为10%,23%,苯污染不显著,3种苯系物经SPSS13.0统计学分析在0.05水平显著相关,具有同源性。另选取4户装修居室进行甲醛、苯系物浓度随时间的变化规律研究发现,甲醛、苯系物浓度都随时间呈逐步下降趋势,在装修后的前3个月释放速率最快,而后趋于平缓。甲醛释放具有长期性,并通过理论推断和具体实验获得同一结论;苯系物在装修3个月后基本释放完全,严重污染的约需6个月。对于实验过程中温度、湿度、材料种类和负载量以及空气交换率等影响因素进行了分析,说明以保证实验结果的可靠性。