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521.
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The fate of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in natural and engineered systems is complicated due to their interactions with various water constituents. This study investigated the interaction of bisphenol A (BPA) with dissolved organic matter (DOM) and colloids present in surface water and secondary effluent as well as its adsorptive removal by powdered activated carbons. The solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) method followed by thermal desorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was utilized for determining the distribution of BPA molecules in water. The BPA removal by SPME decreased with the increased DOM content, where the formation of BPA-DOM complexes in an aqueous matrix was responsible for the reduced extraction of BPA. Colloidal particles in water samples sorbed BPA leading to the marked reduction of liquid phase BPA. BPA-DOM complexes had a negative impact on the adsorptive removal of BPA by powered activated carbons. The complex formation was characterized based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, along with the calculation of molecular interactions between BPA and functional groups in DOM. It was found that the hydrogen bonding between DOM and BPA would be preferred over aromatic interactions. A pseudo-equilibrium molecular coordination model for the complexation between a BPA molecule and a hydroxyl group of the DOM was developed, which enabled estimation of the maximum sorption site and complex formation constant as well as prediction of organic complexes at various DOM levels. 相似文献
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524.
Levine RS Hughes MT Ryan Mather C Yanarella EJ 《Journal of environmental management》2008,87(2):305-316
The great majority of China's developing towns will be extensions of already existing villages. With the prospect of hundreds of millions of Chinese farmers projected to leave their villages to become industrial workers in new and expanded towns within the next few years, new challenges will be faced. As expansion and modernization progress, this development moves from the traditional village model that operates not far from resource sustainability to increasingly unsustainable patterns of commerce, urban development, and modern life. With such an unprecedented mass migration and transformation, how can Chinese culture survive? What is to become of the existing million plus agricultural villages? How can these massively unsustainable new industrial towns survive? In the European Commission sponsored research program SUCCESS, researchers worked from the scale of the Chinese village to find viable answers to these questions. 相似文献
525.
电缆隧道火灾数值仿真及分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
电缆隧道灭火以及人员疏散的关键,在于对灾变条件下隧道火灾参数变化的正确预测,特别是火焰、烟气蔓延范围,烟气浓度变化以及有毒气体的扩散范围等参数的预测。为了获得电缆隧道火灾参数,应用美国国家标准和技术研究院(NIST)开发的FDS(Fire Dynam ics Simulator)软件,建立电缆隧道模型,对隧道火灾进行全尺寸模拟,通过对模拟实验数据处理和分析,给出电缆隧道火灾时烟气浓度和氧气浓度,纵向温度的变化规律,火焰蔓延情况以及高温烟气在隧道中水平蔓延规律,为有效救援和紧急疏散以及消防决策提供一定依据。 相似文献
526.
水幕在隧道中灭火的数值模拟研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
利用CFD软件中的专用FDS软件对水幕在隧道产生火灾进行灭火模拟研究,模拟水幕对隧道中火灾产生的烟气流动速度、烟气浓度以及温度等特性参数的影响,模拟得到水幕能有效地减慢地下隧道中烟雾的扩散和降低烟雾的温度,为地下工事中的人员逃离提供有力的保证,为加强地下工事的防御提供了理论参考。 相似文献
527.
贵阳市环境经济系统协调发展策略分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
环境与经济的协调发展已成为未来城市发展的必然要求,在西部大开发战略实施的当前形势下,如何实现贵阳市环境—经济系统协调发展是当地拟研究的一个重要问题。阐述了贵阳市环境经济系统的特征,在引入和结合系统动力学、情景分析和协调度分析三种方法的基础上,提出了贵阳市协调发展策略分析的研究框架。遵循框架中的思路和方法,构建了贵阳市环境经济系统仿真模拟模型,围绕GDP增长、资源消耗、环境污染、环保设施建设方面进行了5个情景的情景预测和协调度分析,通过反复模拟、反馈、调整及分析,识别出情景5为较理想的一种发展模式,总结提出了相应的基本策略方向。研究结果是贵阳市未来发展的科学参考和决策支持。 相似文献
528.
S. V. Zagrebel'nyi 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2004,35(6):395-402
Animal censuses and assessment of mortality in the sea otter subpopulation of Bering Island (the Commander Islands) have shown that indices of seasonal mortality may be used as a criterion for estimating well-being of this animal group. In 1999, the subpopulation of Bering Island entered a phase of stabilization of its spatial, age, and sex structure, with the stabilization process proper taking approximately three years after a peak of mortality. Mortality in the course of this process proved to be relatively high in age groups older than eight years but insignificant among middle-aged reproductive animals. As the age and sex structure of the insular group varies during the year and in different coastal areas, the data obtained by collecting dead animals cannot be used for estimating the structure of the whole population. 相似文献
529.
530.
A. Yu. Kudryavtsev 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2007,38(5):299-305
The current dynamics of ecosystems of the forest-steppe system is most adequately described via determining the probable trajectories of changes in its elements in a simple Markov chain. The obtained data have made it possible to determine the direction of succession and draw its scheme. Theoretically possible series of community development are presented. The succession of community restoration from the spread of shrubs over steppificated fallow lands to the formation of low forests of European bird cherry has been analyzed. The restoration cycle of ecosystem dynamics is described by eight age stages. 相似文献