全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1336篇 |
免费 | 133篇 |
国内免费 | 400篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 187篇 |
废物处理 | 15篇 |
环保管理 | 165篇 |
综合类 | 724篇 |
基础理论 | 467篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 81篇 |
评价与监测 | 46篇 |
社会与环境 | 153篇 |
灾害及防治 | 30篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 30篇 |
2022年 | 50篇 |
2021年 | 63篇 |
2020年 | 69篇 |
2019年 | 62篇 |
2018年 | 56篇 |
2017年 | 57篇 |
2016年 | 80篇 |
2015年 | 73篇 |
2014年 | 74篇 |
2013年 | 114篇 |
2012年 | 118篇 |
2011年 | 135篇 |
2010年 | 83篇 |
2009年 | 94篇 |
2008年 | 87篇 |
2007年 | 91篇 |
2006年 | 103篇 |
2005年 | 68篇 |
2004年 | 65篇 |
2003年 | 42篇 |
2002年 | 43篇 |
2001年 | 39篇 |
2000年 | 38篇 |
1999年 | 25篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 18篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1869条查询结果,搜索用时 328 毫秒
531.
S. Hellsten U. Dragosits C. J. Place T. H. Misselbrook Y. S. Tang M. A. Sutton 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):3-13
Most ammonia (NH3) emission inventories have been calculated on an annual basis and do not take into account the seasonal variability of emissions
that occur as a consequence of climate and agricultural practices that change throughout the year. When used as input to atmospheric
transport models to simulate concentration fields, these models therefore fail to capture seasonal variations in ammonia concentration
and dry and wet deposition. In this study, seasonal NH3 emissions from agriculture were modelled on a monthly basis for the year 2000, by incorporating temporal aspects of farming
practice. These monthly emissions were then spatially distributed using the AENEID model (Atmospheric Emissions for National
Environmental Impacts Determination). The monthly model took the temporal variation in the magnitude of the ammonia emissions,
as well as the fine scale (1-km) spatial variation of those temporal changes into account to provide improved outputs at 5-km
resolution. The resulting NH3 emission maps showed a strong seasonal emission pattern, with the highest emissions during springtime (March and April) and
the lowest emissions during summer (May to July). This emission pattern was mainly influenced by whether cattle were outside
grazing or housed and by the application of manures and fertilizers to the land. When the modelled emissions were compared
with measured NH3 concentrations, the comparison suggested that the modelled emission trend corresponds fairly well with the seasonal trend
in the measurements. The remaining discrepancies point to the need to develop functional parametrisations of the interactions
with climatic seasonal variation. 相似文献
532.
There has been much literature on ecological model of Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game. This game illustrates that cooperation can evolve in situations where individuals tend to look after themselves. In order to explain some behaviors of altruism in animal societies, the strategy All Cooperate (AC), often called the Golden Rule, is more appropriate than other strategies. However, very little is known about the superiority of AC. In the present article, we study patch dynamics based on non-iterated PD game, applying two different methods: island and lattice models. Each patch is assumed to be either vacant or composed of a population of AC or All Defect (AD), where AD means a selfish strategy. Both models exhibit a phase transition between a phase where both AC and AD survive, and a phase where AD is extinct. The latter phase means that AC beats AD completely. In the case of lattice model, the extinction of AD easily occurs and the abundance of AC takes a larger value, compared with the island model. Our models can be also extended to general iterated PD game; we describe the reason why AC can outperform any other strategy. 相似文献
533.
M. Ketzel P. Louka P. Sahm E. Guilloteau J.-F. Sini N. Moussiopoulos 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(5-6):603-613
Microscale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelsdeveloped in different European countries were applied towell defined test cases comprising a variety of 2 and 3dimensional configurations for which measurements from windtunnel or field studies were available. This paper presentsthe results of five CFD codes employing the widely used`standard k--model' (CHENSI, CHENSI-2, MIMO, MISKAM, TASCflow) for a street canyon in Hannover, Germany(Göttinger Strasse). Firstly the characteristics of theflow field predicted by the different codes are comparedwith high spatial resolution wind tunnel measurements;secondly the calculated concentration fields are comparedwith field and wind tunnel data. Both agreements (e.g. forthe general flow and concentration fields) anddisagreements (e.g. for the level of concentration) areobserved in the comparison. The discussion aims atexplaining the differences along with giving somesuggestions to CFD model users on how to calculate suchcomplex flows, but also to experimentalists on whereconcentration measurements should be taken in order to bemore representative for a whole street and to avoiddistinct local effects. 相似文献
534.
通过快速释放实验,研究了太湖东北部营养水平不同的梅梁湾、贡湖湾和胥口湾3个湖区表层沉积物中可溶性氮、磷的季节性变化.结果表明,沉积物总磷(TP)与其释放的可溶性总磷(DTP)在春、夏两季显著相关并且以可溶性有机磷(DOP)为主;春、夏两季DOP与可溶性无机磷(DIP)的形态间转化较秋、冬两季更为活跃.藻型湖区沉积物的总氮(TN)多为夏季减少,而清洁型湖区则为夏季大幅增加;沉积物释放的NH4+-N以夏、冬两季居多,夏季达到最大值;沉积物释放的NO3--N夏季大幅度增加,冬季较少.清洁型湖区夏季沉积物的TN及其释放的NH4+-N、NO3--N显著高于藻型湖区. 相似文献
535.
The state of gonads was analyzed in sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermediuscollected in Amur Bay (Peter the Great Bay, the Sea of Japan) in August 1984, 1985, 1989, and 1997 at five stations: Skrebtsov Island (1), Sportivnaya Harbor (2), Cape Tokarevskii (3), Alekseev Bay on Popov Island (4), and Verkhovskii Islands (5). The first three stations were in the polluted inshore zone of Vladivostok; stations 4 and 5 were in the open (insular) part of the bay, remote from the main sources of pollution. The state of gonads of sea urchins collected in different years and areas strongly varied with respect to gonad index (GI), gonad maturity index, and indices of pathological changes in gonads. As compared with the data obtained in 1984, 1985, and 1989, the values of GI increased in sea urchins from stations 1–3 and decreased in sea urchins from stations 4 and 5. Although GI values were high, the indices of gonad maturity in animals from the coastal zone were very low. In general gonad maturity in sea urchins from the Amur Bay was lower in 1997 than in the previous years. The correlation analysis of long-term data revealed no positive correlation between the values of GI and gonad maturity index in sea urchins from stations 1–4. Histopathological changes were more serious in sea urchins from stations 1–3. In 1997, the indices of pathological changes in the gonads of sea urchins from the insular zone (stations 4 and 5) were higher than in the previous period (1984–1989). The influence of various ecological factors—temperature, salinity, environmental pollution, and food supply—on gametogenesis in sea urchins is discussed. 相似文献
536.
三峡库区填埋场和焚烧厂渗滤液水质季节性差异 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
分析了重庆长生桥垃圾填埋场和同兴焚烧厂渗滤液在常规水质和溶解性有机质组成结构方面的季节性差异. 结果表明,填埋场渗滤液在夏季的ρ(CODCr), ρ(TOC), ρ(BOD5),ρ(BOD5)/ρ(CODCr)和ρ(VFA)均高于其他季节,相应指标在冬季最低,但ρ(NH3-N)和 pH的季节性差异不明显. 填埋场渗滤液中DOM组成结构的季节性差异较大,表现在冬季渗滤液中HA所占比例最高,为16.1%,而春、夏季分别为6.6%和8.1%;冬季渗滤液中HyI所占比例最低,为32.7%,其他季节为41.9%~43.5%;ρ(FA)的季节性差异相对较小. 填埋场中ρ(FA)/ρ(HA)的季节性差异较大,夏季较高,冬季较小. 焚烧厂渗滤液的常规水质,DOM的构成及ρ(FA)/ρ(HA)的季节性差异均很小. 相似文献
537.
复合垂直流人工湿地基质氧化还原酶活性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对复合垂直流人工湿地系统(IVCW)基质中5种常见的氧化还原酶活性进行了研究.结果表明,氧化还原酶活性存在显著性季节差异,过氧化物酶在春、夏、秋三季的酶活性显著高于冬季的酶活性(P<0.05);多酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性最高在秋季;脱氢酶在夏、冬两季时酶活性显著高于秋季和春季的酶活性(P<0.05);硝酸盐还原酶在春、冬季时显著高于夏、秋季(P<0.01).空间分布上,除过氧化物酶外,湿地下行流池的酶活性显著高于上行流池,并且随着基质深度的增加递减;但基质硝酸盐还原酶各层之间差异不显著.图6表3参17 相似文献
538.
V. M. Shestopalov V. A. Ivanov A. S. Bohuslavsky S. I. Kazakov 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2008,12(4):169-179
The main engineering-geological hazards and their factors of the Mountain Crimea coastal region are considered. A characteristic
shore line site of Cape Kikineiz and its neighboring coastal area near the Katsiveli settlement has been studied in more detail.
The important characteristic of the site is a high diversity of geological conditions with numerous manifestations of dangerous
engineering-geological processes: shore and hydrological network abrasion, loss of slopes and rocks stability, etc. These
processes have intensified during the last decades under the influence of natural and man-induced factors. The results of
preliminary study of geo-environmental situation of the area are presented. The program for further research and possible
recommendations for rational coastal hazard management and area ecological state improvement are outlined. 相似文献
539.
Although several studies on the dispersion of heavy toxic gas released from ruptured tanks on vehicles during transportation have considered complex terrain such as urban buildings, the influence of trees on the flow field in urban areas during gas dispersion tends to be ignored. In this study, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was proposed to investigate the characteristics of gas release and dispersion from loaded vehicle in the urban environment. In this model, the tree crown was treated as a porous medium, and the influence of drag due to the crown was incorporated into the model by a momentum source term through a user-defined function. In this study, the dynamic characteristics of chlorine (Cl2) dispersion under the conditions of building distribution, tree species and porosities were comprehensively analysed, to cover the influence of urban complexity, leaf density, and tree planting configuration. The results show that compared with flat terrain, the presence of urban buildings will prolong the dense gas retention time and increase the dangerous distance. It is found that the horizontal dispersion distance can increase by 63% and the isosurface of 25 ppm hazardous gas can increase by 130% with the introduction of buildings. Compared with the terrain with only buildings, the introduction of arbors or shrubs can result in a 147% or 359% increase in the maximum concentration. Also, trees will prolong the dispersion duration. It is also found that the higher the porosity, the less the wind blocking effect, and the weaker the ability of capturing gas. The wind field affected by arbores and shrubs are different in height, and arbores capture more Cl2. Planting short shrubs around buildings can effectively reduce the spread of harmful gases. 相似文献
540.
Effects of surrounding land use and water depth on seagrass dynamics relative to a catastrophic algal bloom 下载免费PDF全文
Seagrasses are the foundation of many coastal ecosystems and are in global decline because of anthropogenic impacts. For the Indian River Lagoon (Florida, U.S.A.), we developed competing multistate statistical models to quantify how environmental factors (surrounding land use, water depth, and time [year]) influenced the variability of seagrass state dynamics from 2003 to 2014 while accounting for time‐specific detection probabilities that quantified our ability to determine seagrass state at particular locations and times. We classified seagrass states (presence or absence) at 764 points with geographic information system maps for years when seagrass maps were available and with aerial photographs when seagrass maps were not available. We used 4 categories (all conservation, mostly conservation, mostly urban, urban) to describe surrounding land use within sections of lagoonal waters, usually demarcated by land features that constricted these waters. The best models predicted that surrounding land use, depth, and year would affect transition and detection probabilities. Sections of the lagoon bordered by urban areas had the least stable seagrass beds and lowest detection probabilities, especially after a catastrophic seagrass die‐off linked to an algal bloom. Sections of the lagoon bordered by conservation lands had the most stable seagrass beds, which supports watershed conservation efforts. Our results show that a multistate approach can empirically estimate state‐transition probabilities as functions of environmental factors while accounting for state‐dependent differences in seagrass detection probabilities as part of the overall statistical inference procedure. 相似文献