几种常用农药在菠菜中的残留动态研究

在露地栽培条件下,研究了氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、毒死蜱和百菌清在菠菜生产中的残留降解动态.试验结果表明,不同农药在菠菜体内的降解速度有很大差异,其残留量随用药后时间的延长而减少.在推荐用量和加倍用量叶面喷洒处理条件下,毒死蜱的半衰期分别为3.95 d和4.61 d,氯氰菊酯的半衰期分别为5.03 d和5.88 d,氰戊菊酯的半衰期分别为5.26 d和7.22 d,百菌清的半衰期分别为2.63 d和3.39 d.在试验的4种农药中,氰戊菊酯的半衰期最长,百菌清的半衰期最短.因此,在菠菜生产中使用农药时,应充分考虑所用农药的半衰期,严格掌握安全间隔期,确保生产的菠菜达到无公害菠菜的质量标准要求.     

Ecology of reproduction of the red king crab

Conditions for reproduction of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschatica (Tilesius) on scallop plantations in Primorye have been studied. It has been found that the settling of larvae and the growth of juveniles to the size sufficient for their survival take place only in the cleanest water areas of Peter the Great Bay. Solar activity (expressed as the Wolfer number) is one of the most important abiotic factors affecting P. camtschatica reproduction. The population dynamics of juvenile crabs are characterized by fluctuations with two-year and five-year cycles.     

Multivariate analysis of surface water quality in the Three Gorges area of China and implications for water management

Multivariate statistical techniques, cluster analysis, non-parametric tests, and factor analysis were applied to analyze a water quality dataset including 13 parameters at 37 sites of the Three Gorges area, China, from 2003–2008 to investigate spatio-temporal variations and identify potential pollution sources. Using cluster analysis, the twelve months of the year were classified into three periods of lowflow (LF), normal-flow (NF), and high-flow (HF); and the 37 monitoring sites were divided into low pollution (LP), moderate pollution (MP), and high pollution (HP). Dissolved oxygen (DO), potassium permanganate index (CODMn), and ammonia-nitrogen (NH4 +-N) were identified as significant variables affecting temporal and spatial variations by non-parametric tests. Factor analysis identified that the major pollutants in the HP region were organic matters and nutrients during NF, heavy metals during LF, and petroleum during HF. In the MP region, the identified pollutants primarily included organic matter and heavy metals year-around, while in the LP region, organic pollution was significant during both NF and HF, and nutrient and heavy metal levels were high during both LF and HF. The main sources of pollution came from domestic wastewater and agricultural activities and runoff; however, they contributed differently to each region in regards to pollution levels. For the HP region, inputs from wastewater treatment plants were significant; but for MP and LP regions, water pollution was more likely from the combined effects of agriculture, domestic wastewater, and chemical industry. These results provide fundamental information for developing better water pollution control strategies for the Three Gorges area.     

用于环境适应性分析的航电产品应力仿真技术

热和振动是引起航空电子产品环境适应性问题的2个主要应力,因而在设计过程中应当开展产品的热和振动应力分析.介绍了用于环境适应性分析的航空电子产品数字样机及其建模方法;讨论了基于计算流体力学(CFD)技术的航空电子产品热应力仿真分析方法,以及基于有限元(FEM)技术的振动应力仿真分析方法,并给出了分析案例.     

基于流体力学数值模拟的装甲车热环境分析

为更加准确地描述装甲车乘员室在不同条件下的热环境,采用两方程湍流模型,将装甲车置于数字风洞模型内,模拟求解不同条件下装甲车内的三维对流换热和空气流动状况,该方法可为装甲车乘员室热环境设计研究提供参考.     

2004～2009年我国典型陆地生态系统地下水硝态氮评价

利用中国生态系统研究网络（CERN）2004～2009年31个典型陆地生态系统38个浅层地下水井硝态氮（NO 3--N）的监测数据,评价我国典型陆地生态系统地下水NO 3--N污染状况.结果表明,农田（4.85 mg.L-1±0.42 mg.L-1）、绿洲农田（3.72mg.L-1±0.42 mg.L-1）、城市（3....     

碱蓬湿地CH4排放通量及影响因素研究

2008年4月至10月,以辽河口碱蓬湿地为研究区域,采用静态箱—气相色谱法对CH4排放通量进行了原位测定,分析了碱蓬湿地CH4排放通量的季节变化特征,同时研究了地表温度、土壤有机质含量及碱蓬的地上生物量对排放通量的影响。结果表明,碱蓬湿地是CH4的排放源,CH4排放呈单峰型变化趋势,7月排放通量最大为55.29μg/(m2.h)。CH4排放通量与土壤温度、土壤有机质含量及碱蓬地上生物量密切相关。CH4排放通量与地表温度之间呈显著的指数相关关系;土壤有机质含量及碱蓬地上生物量的变化与CH4排放通量的季节变化呈二次正相关关系。     

航天器动力学试验评价技术

回顾了国内外航天器动力学试验评价技术的研究和应用,分析了国内航天器动力学试验存在的问题,阐述了复杂航天器的发展对于航天器动力学试验评价体系提出的新要求,重点分析了在评价内容、航天器环境、航天器环境模拟方法、航天器环境效应、测量与分析、评价方法及准则方面必须突破和解决的若干关键技术,展望了航天器动力学试验评价技术的发展前景。     

流域水资源丰富度评价的MFP模型及应用

水资源系统与许多因素有关,如各种水资源量、人口、社会经济发展指标等,它们共同组成了一个典型的复杂非线性系统。以最大流原理为基础,导出了描述水资源系统的信息动力学演化方程,建立了水资源评价的信息动力学模型,运用信息动力学模型建立了评价标准。该模型无需人为给定参数,客观性强,操作简便。最后运用理论模型对辽西沿海诸河流域水资源丰富度进行评价分析,得到各流域的丰富度状况,并与其它模型评定结果做出了比较,结果表明该方法具有较好的合理性和可操作性。由于该模型从一定程度上体现了水资源丰富度系统的演化动力学机理和水资源系统时空演变特性。因此,不仅在评价上有较大的优越性,在水资源丰富度发展变化状态的预测上也具有潜力。     

System dynamics modelling of hybrid renewable energy systems and combined heating and power generator

The role of energy in the present world is critical in terms of both economical development and environmental impact. Renewable energy sources are considered essential in addressing these challenges. As a result, a growing number of organisations have been adopting hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) to reduce their environmental impact and sometimes take advantage of various incentives. When a HRES is being planned, the ability to model a HRES can provide an organisation with numerous benefits including the capability of optimising sub-systems, predicting performances and carrying out sensitivity analysis. In this paper, we present a comprehensive system dynamics model of HRES and combined heating and power (CHP) generator. Data from a manufacturing company using HRES and CHP generator are used to validate the model and discuss important findings. The results illustrate that the components of a HRES can have conflicting effects on cost and environmental benefits; thus, there is a need for an organisation to make trade-off decisions. The model can be a platform to further simulate and study the composition and operating strategies of organisations that are venturing to adopt new or additional HRESs.