晶种法处理含氟废水与氟化钙沉淀砂状化研究

采用晶种法对含氟废水进行了处理,考察了pH和Ca/F对出水F-浓度和CaF2沉降性能的影响,得到了含水率低、沉降性能好的砂状化CaF2颗粒.实验结果表明,晶种的加入对提高除氟效果、促进CaF2的砂状化有重要作用.当pH为中性偏酸性且0.5＜Ca/F＜1时,除氟效果较好且所得到的CaF2具有较好的沉降性能;当pH=5.5...     

垃圾渗滤液浸种对玉米代际遗传效应的研究

采用实验室早期栽培实验,主要探讨了垃圾渗滤液浸种对玉米代际的遗传效应。结果表明:垃圾渗滤液会影响玉米代际早期的生长发育,低浓度垃圾渗滤液(10%)促进代际玉米种子的萌发及幼苗的生长;而高浓度渗滤液(50%)则对其产生抑制效应。再者,相比于经垃圾渗滤液浸种处理过的F1代玉米种子而言,对F2代产生的毒性效应相对减弱,仅高浓度组与对照组相比出现差异,50%处理组的萌发率、根长、芽长及叶绿素含量分别为对照组的81%,83%,79%和89%。此外,渗滤液浸种对代际玉米根尖细胞有丝分裂均表现出"低促高抑"的作用,对根尖微核损伤也均呈现剂量-效应关系。这说明低浓度垃圾渗滤液对玉米F1代及F2代的生态毒性风险依然存在,不容忽视。研究选用玉米为模式植物具有一定的实际意义,其结果可为垃圾渗滤液的生态风险评价提供理论依据。     

生物炭早期植物毒性评估培养方法研究

为更加科学地评估生物炭潜在植物毒性,采用生物炭(B)、生物炭+土壤(B+S)、生物炭水浸提液+土壤(AE+S)、生物炭+石英砂(B+Q)、生物炭水浸提液+石英砂(AE+Q)5种不同的培养方法进行早期植物毒性效应实验。比较分析不同培养方法中西红柿种子发芽率、根长、芽长对生物炭的响应。结果表明:在5种培养方法中,随生物炭剂量增加,西红柿种子发芽率、根长、芽长呈现先增后降的变化趋势。虽在低剂量生物炭处理下(10.0 g·kg~(-1)),种子萌发表现出促进作用。但随剂量增加,除B+S和AE+S外,均表现出一定的抑制作用,且当剂量为160.0 g·kg~(-1)时,抑制作用达到最大。对比有土和无土培养方法中种子萌发情况发现,在高剂量下,无土培养方法中种子发芽率,根、芽生长所受抑制作用显著高于有土培养方法。无土方法中,尤其AE+Q方法中,高剂量生物炭对种子发芽率、根长、芽长表现出最大的抑制作用,其中发芽率抑制率为91.1%,根长抑制率为77.7%,芽长抑制率为93.7%。综合比较分析,生物炭水浸提液+石英砂(AE+Q)的培养方法干扰因子少,可提高毒性响应灵敏度。因此,在生物炭早期植物毒性效应评估中,该法可作为推荐的培养方法。     

Possible cause of inhibition of seed germination in two rice cultivars by heavy metals Pb2+ and Hg2+

Seeds of two rice cultivars (Oryza sativa) cv. PR-116 and Pant Dhan-12 subjected to heavy metal lead (Pb²⁺) and mercury (Hg²⁺) exposure showed an inhibition in germination percentage, shoot and root length, and lower fresh and dry weight after 7 days. Both Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺ inhibited the solubilization process of starch due to reduction in α-amylase activity, which is also evident from greater starch content and reduced soluble carbohydrate content of endosperms of treated seeds of the two cultivars. Mercury was more tolerated by Pant Dhan-12 when grown under in vitro culture medium containing 2% sucrose. The inhibitory effect of Pb²⁺ on embryo growth was not only abolished but also accelerated by 2% sucrose. The inhibitory effect, however, was not significantly blocked in Hg²⁺-treated embryos grown in vitro in sucrose containing medium. Embryos did not grow normally in a medium devoid of sucrose in either case. Data indicated that Pb²⁺ inhibited germination and seedling growth by impairing the solubilization of endosperm starch without markedly affecting the embryo, while Hg²⁺ inhibited germination and seedling growth by damaging the embryo itself.     

Antidiabetic effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed powder in a rat model

Free radical production and oxidative stress are known to increase in liver during diabetes and may contribute to oxidative damage. In this study, the effect of oral feeding of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed powder (TSP) has been studied on blood glucose, membrane-linked ATPases, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, lipofuscin content and membrane fluidity in livers of a diabetic rat. Diabetes was induced by administration of alloxan monohydrate. Hyperglycemia during diabetes has been shown to entail free radical generation, with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin content, inhibition of membrane-linked ATPases, increased antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased membrane fluidity. TSP treatment reverses the changes to near normal levels thereby ameliorating the management of diabetic complications.     

Fixed-bed column sorption of borate onto pomegranate seed powder-PVA beads: a response surface methodology approach

Pomegranate seed powder (PS) was functionalized with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and utilized for boron removal from the aqueous system. Results of Brunauer--Emmett--Teller (BET) surface area analysis and Boehm titration indicated notable decrease in total surface area and increase in acidic surface functional groups of PS after PVA modification. Enhanced sorption is indicative of complex formation between diol groups of the pomegranate seed powder--polyvinyl alcohol (PS–PVA) and borate ions. Under column test, the saturated sorption capacity of boron was noted to be dependent on flow rate and bed height. The developed central composite design (CCD) was adequate to elucidate the sorption mechanism. Mathematical modeling of the column data was conducted, and a modified-dose-response model was the most suitable to describe the breakthrough curve and observed to be consistent with CCD analysis. This is further supported by extensive error analyses conducted between the model predicted and experimental data.     

长期不同施肥对冬闲期稻田土壤种子库和地上杂草群落的影响

为了给稻田杂草防除和合理施肥提供科学依据,选择了湖南省桃源农业生态试验站内连续不同施肥处理20年后的双季水稻试验田为调查对象,运用萌发法和田间调查法,研究了不同施肥制度对冬闲期稻田土壤杂草种子库和地上杂草群落的影响.试验设4个处理:不施肥(CK);养分循环,即种植绿肥+秸秆还田(OM);施氮磷钾化肥(NPK);施氮磷钾化肥+养分循环(NPK+OM).试验区土壤种子库共记录到杂草16种,其中圆叶节节菜占29.9%,稻搓菜占29.0%,水苋菜占10.0%,陌上菜占9.4%,水马齿占8.9%,看麦娘占4.9%.试验区地上杂草共计10种,其中看麦娘占94.4%,稻搓菜占3.8%,圆叶节节菜占1.0%.土壤种子库和地上杂草的群落相似性指数在0.6以上,并随着施肥程度(CK相似文献   

云南地区种子植物区系过渡性地理分布格局的群落尺度分析

探索植物区系过渡性的地理分布格局,对于理解植物区系的起源、迁移和分布具有重要意义。本研究利用620个植物群落样方,探讨了云南地区植物区系过渡性的地理分布格局及其生物地理意义。研究结果表明,随着纬度、海拔的升高,温带区系成分所占比重呈显著递增趋势,但在经度梯度上呈递减趋势;热带区系成分所占的比重在地理梯度上则表现为相反的变化趋势。地形格局较好地反映了区系成分的地理分布格局;热带区系成分所占比重与温带区系成分所占比重的比值从南到北呈递减趋势。区系过渡性的低值主要出现在滇西北地区和包括滇西南、滇东南与滇南在内的云南南部地区,而高值主要出现在云南中部地区和中海拔地区,这可能与区系迁移过程和海拔梯度有关。热带区系成分在云南地区基带植被中占主导地位;热带区系成分占优势地位的区域主要集中在低海拔地区,占云南土地面积的60％左右,而温带区系成分占优势地位的区域主要集中在高海拔的北部地区,占土地总面积的40％左右。本研究从基带植被的区系性质和温、热带植物区系成分占优势地位的土地面积的构成证实了云南地区可能是一个“热带山原”的假说。区系过渡性随着年平均温度的升高,呈先增强后减弱的单峰格局。当年均温在13．1℃左右时,出现区系平衡点。相对水平分布而言,云南地区植被的垂直分布可能更值得注意。     

大断面巷道中空预应力注浆锚杆的支护效果研究

针对金川矿区大断面巷道在强构造应力作用下围岩变形严重的情况,提出了中空预应力注浆锚杆的支护工艺。通过数值计算得出以下结论:相比传统的普通砂浆锚杆支护工艺,采用中空预应力注浆锚杆支护工艺能够主动加固围岩,提高支护刚度;巷道两帮的变形减小了约14.56%,最大、最小主应力分别降低了4.4%和7.2%,粘结层破坏范围也随之减小。通过对支护后巷道变形监测发现:两帮最终变形量减小了约36.6%;通过抗拔实验,中空预应力注浆锚杆的抗拔力达到140kN,远大于普通砂浆锚杆的40kN抗拔力,中空预应力注浆锚杆有更好的支护效果。     

转炉渣诱导磷酸钙结晶法去除和回收废水中磷的研究

以转炉渣为晶种材料,利用批次结晶沉淀实验,研究不同的反应条件对诱导磷酸钙结晶法去除和回收废水中磷的影响。结果表明,最优反应条件为:pH=9.5,Ca/P摩尔比2∶1,转炉渣用量1.7 g/L,反应时间3 h,在此条件下,碳酸根对反应的影响甚小,对养猪场废水和污泥浓缩池上清液的处理,最高去除率分别达到95.36%和96.54%;转炉渣循环利用10次,回收磷的效果仍然很好。运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等测试手段对在最优工艺条件下重复使用10次的转炉渣进行了表征,证明回收的磷主要以羟基磷灰石(HAP)形态存在。