渤海湾盆地垦东凸起油源对比与成藏条件研究

根据垦东凸起原油及其周围生油凹陷烃源岩的色谱、色质等多种地球化学分析结果 ,确认了桩东凹陷沙三段是其最重要的油源凹陷 ,来自桩东凹陷的石油资源占该凸起总资源的四分之三以上 ,其次为沾化凹陷孤南洼陷和莱州湾凹陷 ,而青东凹陷的贡献很小。通过已知油藏分布的控制因素分析 ,总结了该区石油成藏条件及其富集高产原因 ,预测了油藏分布规律 ,指出了有利勘探方向。垦东凸起油源对比及成藏条件研究成果对渤海湾盆地其它类似地区的高凸起成藏研究具有一定的参考价值     

Institutional design in transformation: A comparative study of local irrigation governance in Uzbekistan

The irrigation sector constitutes the backbone of Uzbekistan's economy, providing social and economic stability in the region. The sector collapsed with the fall of the Soviet Union, due to worsening of infrastructure conditions causing tensions among resource users. Subsequent irrigation management reforms were implemented in a top-down manner. More than a decade after the initial reforms – which established local Water Consumers Association (WCA) and transferred operation and maintenance responsibilities for on-farm irrigation canals – the poor performance of these associations is still apparent, illustrating the heritage of the strong role of state agencies in Uzbek water management that still affects collective irrigation management today. This paper identifies the necessary and sufficient conditions for successfully managing common pool resources (CPRs) and, more specifically, irrigation canal maintenance in the rural Bukhara region of Uzbekistan. Fifteen WCAs were examined regarding conditions that may facilitate successful irrigation canal maintenance. Methods involved focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with the associations concerned. Data gathered was analyzed using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. The results indicate that two paths of local factors can lead to well-maintained irrigation canals: (1) the combination of appropriate chairmanship skills with sustainable resource appropriation or (2) the combination of appropriate chairmanship skills with the presence of effective participatory governance. The results also illustrate the role of path-dependence and traditional co-production of irrigation management in Uzbekistan.     

Hygroscopicity of particles generated from photooxidation of α-pinene under different oxidation conditions in the presence of sulfate seed aerosols

Smog chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the hygroscopicity of particles generated from photooxidation of α-pinene/NOx with different sulfate seed aerosols or oxidation conditions. Hygroscopicity of particles was measured by a tandem differential mobility analyzer （TDMA） in terms of hygroscopic growth factor （Gf）, with a relative humidity of 85%. With sulfate seed aerosols present, Gf of the aerosols decreased very fast before notable secondary organic aerosols （SOA） formation was observed, indicating a heterogeneous process between inorganic seeds and organic products might take place as soon as oxidation begins, rather than only happening after gas-aerosol partition of organic products starts. The final SOA-coated sulfate particles had similar or lower Gf than seed-free SOA. The hygroscopicity of the final particles was not dependent on the thickness but on the hygroscopicity properties of the SOA, which were influenced by the initial sulfate seed particles. In the two designed aging processes, Gf of the particles increased more significantly with introduction of OH radical than with ozone. However, the hygroscopicity of SOA was very low even after a long time of aging, implying that either SOA aging in the chamber was very slow or the Gf of SOA did not change significantly in aging. Using an aerosol composition speciation monitor （ACSM） and matrix factorization （PMF） method, two factors for the components of SOA were identified, but the correlation between SOA hygroscopicity and the proportion of the more highly oxidized factor could be either positive or negative depending on the speciation of seed aerosols present.     

江西省某冶炼厂遗留尾砂场重金属污染特征

以江西省某冶炼厂生产过程中遗留在厂内各尾砂池中的废渣为研究对象,利用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法相结合的方法对其重金属污染状况进行评价。结果表明:各尾砂池土壤中铜、锌、镍、砷超标倍数高,且除尾砂池2深层土壤外,其他样点重金属内梅罗综合污染指数均远大于1,显示各尾砂池土壤均为重污染土壤。     

农田溪流人工深潭地貌格局暂态存储特征分析

2015年11月~2016年2月,以NaCl为示踪剂,在巢湖流域某一农田源头溪流开展了5次野外示踪试验,并据此计算溪流的物理特征参数和暂态存储指标;通过对深潭渠段与平直渠段相关指标的比较,解析人工深潭地貌格局的暂态存储特征.结果表明:1人工深潭地貌格局渠段A_s/A基本都较平直渠段更高,但其交换系数α却较平直渠段低一个数量级;2人工深潭地貌格局的暂态存储对于溶质滞留的影响较平直渠段大,但其流动水体的溶质滞留能力则较平直渠段弱;3尽管深潭地貌格局拥有相对较大的A_s/A比值,但对溶质运移转化的综合影响却低于平直渠段;4人工深潭的暂态存储指标F200med可以解释18.86%~26.05%的溶质行进时间,平直渠段可以解释5.28%~33.87%,且大部分情况下平直渠段都较深潭渠段更高;5深潭地貌格局与平直渠段在φ_w、φ_A和T_s方面差异明显,而在其他指标方面则区别不显著.     

施用无害化污泥影响土壤碳库组分和碳库管理指数的演变

以小麦-玉米轮作体系下的沙质潮土为研究对象,选用经无害化处理后符合国家标准且在推荐量范围内的商业化污泥产品,通过2013~2015年田间定位试验,研究无害化污泥施用对沙质潮土土壤碳库组分和碳库管理指数的影响,为无害化污泥资源化利用提供理论和技术依据.结果表明,与不施无害化污泥处理(CK)相比,土壤总有机碳(TOC)、微生物量碳(SMBC)、易氧化有机碳(LOC)和可溶性有机碳(DOC)施用污泥各处理分别显著增加到了8.40~14.74 g·kg-1、164.45~257.45 mg·kg-1、3.58~4.88 g·kg-1和81.16~101.58 mg·kg-1(P0.05),其中各活性有机碳组分SMBC、LOC和DOC分别显著提高了84.00%~188.07%,26.26%~58.03%和109.58%~185.39%(P0.05),其中45 t·hm~(-2)污泥(W3)处理提升效果最明显;施污泥各处理土壤微生物量熵(SMBC/TOC)和易氧化有机碳有效率(LOC/TOC)均有升高趋势,提高范围分别为8.02%~2.77%和13.75%~46.48%,土壤可溶性有机碳有效率(DOC/TOC)施污泥各处理分别显著降低了17.06%~40.94%(P0.05),并且随污泥施用量的增大,SMBC/TOC、LOC/TOC和DOC/TOC呈下降趋势,说明施用45 t·hm~(-2)污泥增大了土壤中稳定态碳含量,导致其比值降低;施污泥各处理土壤碳库活度(L)和碳库指数(LI)随污泥施用量增大而降低,说明施用45 t·hm~(-2)污泥其土壤稳定态碳含量高,有利于沙质潮土土壤有机碳的积累;施污泥各处理土壤碳库管理指数(CMPI)显著提高了153.45%~195.40%,其中W3处理提升效果最为明显;通过相关性分析及冗余分析得出,用CMPI来表征土壤肥力的变化比用TOC更灵敏、直接,能更好地反映出土壤养分及碳库的动态变化.综上,施用15~45 t·hm~(-2)污泥可以显著提高沙质潮土土壤活性碳库各组分含量和碳库管理指数,尤以施用45 t·hm~(-2)(W3)污泥效果最为显著.     

Keep swimming but stop peeing in the pools

正Swimming is excellent exercise and offers many health benefits.However,the"chlorine smell"in swimming pools may be a turn-off for some people.Although this smell is often thought to be of chlorine,it actually comes from volatile compounds that are produced from unintended reactions between disinfectants(e.g.,chlorine)and organic matter in     

Effects of Artificial Roosts for Frugivorous Bats on Seed Dispersal in a Neotropical Forest Pasture Mosaic

Abstract:  In the Neotropics ongoing deforestation is producing open and heavily fragmented landscapes dominated by agriculture, mostly plantations and cattle pastures. After some time agriculture often becomes uneconomical and land is abandoned. Subsequent habitat regeneration may be slow because seed inputs are restricted by a lack of incentives—such as suitable roost sites—for seed dispersers to enter deforested areas. Increasing environmental awareness has fostered growing efforts to promote reforestation. Practical and cost-efficient methods for kick-starting forest regeneration are, however, lacking. We investigated whether artificial bat roosts for frugivorous bat species can attract these key seed dispersers to deforested areas, thereby increasing seed rain. We installed artificial bat roosts in a forest-pasture mosaic in the Costa Rican Atlantic lowlands and monitored bat colonization and seed dispersal. Colonization occurred within a few weeks of installation, and 10 species of bats occupied the artificial roosts. Five species of frugivorous or nectarivorous bats colonized artificial roosts permanently in both primary habitat and in deforested areas, in numbers similar to those found in natural roosts. Seed input around artificial roosts increased significantly. Sixty-nine different seed types, mostly of early-successional plant species, were transported by bats to artificial roosts in disturbed habitats. The installation of artificial bat roosts thus successfully attracted frugivorous bats and increased seed inputs into degraded sites. This method is likely to speed up early-vegetation succession, which in turn will attract additional seed dispersers, such as birds, and provide a microhabitat for seeds of mid- and late-successional plants. As well as supporting natural forest regeneration and bat conservation, this cost-efficient method can also increase environmental awareness among landowners.     

Population Biology of Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae) of the Middle Don River Basin

The stages of ontogeny and morphogenesis of the common chicory were characterized on the basis of long-term observations. A comparative analysis of seed productivity was performed, and the pool of viable seeds in the soil was determined. The ecological–cenotic relationships and the types of population strategy of the species were estimated.