煤炭资源型城市生态系统服务功能的时空变化特征分析——来自2006—2015年安徽省淮南市的经验证据

考虑到生态系统的品质性和稀缺性,对价值当量因子法模型进行拓展,并基于典型煤炭资源型城市淮南市2006—2015年的经验证据,系统分析了该地区生态系统服务功能的时空变化特征,研究结果表明,从时间角度来看,该地区生态系统服务功能价值总体在降低,主要是由于水源涵养、废物循环和气候调节这3种类型生态系统服务功能价值的减弱,不过下降趋势逐步减缓.从空间角度来看,该地区生态系统服务功能强度呈现东部、南部高,中部和北部偏低的格局,说明目前采煤区域的生态系统服务功能仍较脆弱,而传统矿区的生态系统服务功能正在得到恢复提高.     

基于混合LCA模型的酒店服务业水足迹量化研究——以张掖市为例

传统水足迹测算方法主要针对农牧产品,对服务产品核算的研究不足.本文基于混合生命周期评估(H-LCA)模型清单分析方法,参考ISO14046标准,以典型干旱区—张掖市的酒店服务业为例,对张掖市酒店服务业的水足迹进行了定量测算与特征分析.结果表明:张掖市酒店服务业水足迹每年平均为547 m~3·万元-1;酒店服务业水足迹主要来源于间接消耗,占水足迹总量的86%,而直接消耗占仅占14%;间接消耗中最大的部门为农林牧渔产品和服务部门,其次是金属矿采选产品与冶炼加工品部门及建筑部门.以此为依据,2016年张掖市酒店服务业水足迹输出量达到6244万m~3,占张掖市水足迹输出总量的10%左右.酒店服务业水足迹量化研究应该成为张掖市今后节水型城市建设及虚拟水战略实施中不可忽视的重要内容.     

Investigation of Mtbe and Aromatic Compound Concentrations at a Gas Service Station

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) has been used as a fuel additive at levels of 2–11% in Taiwan for the past decade. The purpose of this additive is to enhance the octane, replace the use of lead-based anti-knock gasoline additives and reduce aromatic hydrocarbons. However, it is possible that oxygenated fuel has a potential health impact. To determine the air quality impact of MTBE, measurements were made of ambient MTBE and other gasoline constituents at a service station. Additionally, environmental conditions (wind speed, wind direction, and temperature, etc.) that could affect concentrations of emission constituents were measured. Gas samples were analyzed for target MTBE and volatile organic compounds, e.g., benzene and toluene. Ambient samples were collected using Tenax adsorbent tubes for mass spectrometric analysis at a service station located in Changhua County, Taiwan. The resulting measured ambient air concentrations were compared with Taiwans regulatory standards for hazardous air pollutants. Subsequently, the factors controlling the formation of high-VOC levels at the service station and in the residential neighborhoods were identified. Additionally, the results can provide the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of Taiwan with useful information and prompt them to mandate this gas service station to install a refueling vapor recovery system.     

鼓楼区饮食娱乐服务业环境污染调查

对鼓楼区922家饮食娱乐服务企业环境污染现状进行了调查与分析。提出应通过合法程序尽早出台《鼓楼区饮食娱乐服务企业环境保护管理实施办法》。对具有饮食娱乐服务功能的商业用房、新建项目审批、污染扰民老企业进行严格限制，明确政府各部门的审批、管理职责，结合创建绿色社区工作，对现行污染严重、群众反映强烈、影响大的饮食娱乐服务企业，由环保、工商、卫生、城建、公安、市容等部门联合执法。     

试论高校图书馆开展竞争情报服务与教育

社会对竞争情报人才和竞争情报的需求越来越迫切,各种形式的竞争情报教育与服务发展越来越迅速.目前高校图书馆由于竞争情报意识不强、用户对图书馆的信任程度不够、高校竞争情报工作处在起步阶段等诸多不利因素,因而要增强情报意识和竞争情报宣传与培训,提高竞争情报人员的综合素质.     

Greening of a campus restaurant at Stockholm University: sustainable development audits by means of the SDR methodology

The aim of this paper is to show how the environmental practices of a restaurant may be evaluated in a quantitative way. For this, a new methodology, sustainable development records (SDR), was used. This allows financial, environmental and social aspects of an operation to be handled in a systematic way. The results of the two sustainable development audits show that the restaurant washes more dishes per unit of chemicals used in 1994 than in 1991. However, there is a negative trend regarding the number of meals served per unit of water used and waste generated, which suggests that the restaurant in 1994 is more wasteful with these resources than in 1991. On the other hand, this might be explained by the fact that the restaurant has increased its use of primary products. The environmental ratios are increasing for both chemicals and energy, which means that more and more of the resources used are environmentally acceptable. The lowest environmental ratios are those for provisions (<2%) and transportation (<5%), which means that not more than 2% of the provisions and 5% of the transportation are environmentally acceptable in the long run. The restaurant's ratio of satisfied customers as well as its environmental image is improving, while the profitability has not changed. The results of this paper point to a general problem of environmental auditing in regard to the evaluation of perceived positive or negative developments of an individual enterprise, since there might be an opposite implication for the larger system. It is therefore crucial to look at several hierarchical levels in order to be able to assess the effects of environmental measures.     

An integrated approach to evaluation on ecological service functions for urban green space and its application

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21世纪城市固体废弃物管理服务对策探讨

近十余年，我国城市垃圾排放量的年平均增长速度约为7％～9％。城市垃圾处理也愈来愈受到政府与公众的重视。目前，我国正处于城市化加速发展期，大量农村人口涌入城市，对原本脆弱的环卫工作带来了更大的挑战。本项旨在研究呼和浩特市垃圾收集、转运、处置、管理现状及存在问题，提出了基于垃圾收集、转运、处理和管理的服务对策：固体废弃物管理服务体系应以创造就业、削减贫困和公众参与为目标；社会文化层面鼓励资源的高效利用，强调废弃物减量和循环利用；城乡结合促进物质循环；探索固体废弃物填埋的有效替代途径；倡导健康环保的消费观念和生活方式等。     

在线环境监测系统中GPRS应用探讨

为满足社会各方面对环境监测数据的信息需求,建立一个实用性强、覆盖面广、灵活性好的环境监测数据传输系统十分必要。通用分组无线业务（GPRS）作为新一代无线通信技术,与传统的数据传输相比,有着突出的优势。分析了运用 GPRS 数据传输技术构建的在线环境监测系统。总结了其特点,不足和优势。展望了 GPRS 在在线环境监测系统中的应用前景。     

社会服务类项目环评中的景观评价初探

叙述了思茅目前开展景观影响评价的情况和意义，提出了景观影响评价的基本概念、步骤、内容和方法，介绍了一种较为简便、实用的用于景观影响评价的定量方法。