导数在计算矩中的应用

本文主要研究了应用数学分析中导数知识来求解统计学中的二项分布,泊松分布,几何分布的一、二阶矩.将这种方法加以推广,我们又提出了利用高阶导数求出伽玛(Gamma)分布,指数分布,正态分布的高阶矩.     

冷挤压组合凹模的寿命估算

冷挤压组合凹模的失效主要是凹模内腔疲劳裂纹的出现,在模具设计的前期较为准确的估算出组合凹模的疲劳寿命是模具优化设计的前提。通过对组合凹模的应力分析后,采用Mises屈服准则的方法把凹模所受的多轴应力转化成单轴应力,再利用局部应力应变法找到了估算冷挤压组合凹模寿命的途径。     

长春市水环境生态系统服务功能价值评估

生态系统服务不是无偿提供的，而是用货币量算，价值不菲。对长春市水生态系统的5项服务功能进行估算累加。可以得出目前长春市水生态系统服务每年价值在62599．35万元之上。比1990年的水生态系统服务价值有所削减。也就是说，在过去10a间，长春市水生环境给人们提供的福利在减少。因为各技术和学科本身的局限，所得值只能作为决策者的参考，而更精确的结果需要更合理的方法和更深入广泛的研究。     

论推进循环经济发展的"两个替代"

循环经济的终极目标。是以尽可能少的资源消耗创造尽可能高的社会福利。因此，我们应该以减物质化为首要原则，依靠人的发展，来实现经济增长和社会生活对自然资源的依赖程度下降。探讨了如何通过“两个替代”．即以服务流替代物质流，以人力资本替代自然资本．来改变原先那种过度消耗自然资源的经济生活方式。推进循环经济的发展。最后．对应“两个替代”的路径选择，提出了制度重构设想：①使价格体系正确反映资源稀缺程度和真实成本；②使市场主体为资源消耗和生态环境负责；③建立社会资谭投向机制。     

操作、维修合二为一的设备管理新模式探讨

介绍了韶钢第二轧钢厂推行以作业长制为基础 ,实施“操维合一”全员设备管理新模式的必要性和认识 ,阐述了该模式对设备隐患消除的意义 ,总结了实施“操维合一”的具体作法和步骤 ,收到了明显的效果     

A Functional Land Management conceptual framework under soil drainage and land use scenarios

Agricultural soils offer multiple soil functions, which contribute to a range of ecosystem services, and the demand for the primary production function is expected to increase with a growing world population. Other key functions on agricultural land have been identified as water purification, carbon sequestration, habitat biodiversity and nutrient cycling, which all need to be considered for sustainable intensification. All soils perform all functions simultaneously, but the variation in the capacity of soils to supply these functions is reviewed in terms of defined land use types (arable, bio-energy, broadleaf forest, coniferous forest, managed grassland, other grassland and Natura 2000) and extended to include the influence of soil drainage characteristics (well, moderately/imperfect, poor and peat). This latter consideration is particularly important in the European Atlantic pedo-climatic zone; the spatial scale of this review. This review develops a conceptual framework on the multi-functional capacity of soils, termed Functional Land Management, to facilitate the effective design and assessment of agri-environmental policies. A final functional soil matrix is presented as an approach to show the consequential changes to the capacity of the five soil functions associated with land use change on soils with contrasting drainage characteristics. Where policy prioritises the enhancement of particular functions, the matrix indicates the potential trade-offs for individual functions or the overall impact on the multi-functional capacity of soil. The conceptual framework is also applied by land use area in a case study, using the Republic of Ireland as an example, to show how the principle of multi-functional land use planning can be readily implemented.     

Modeling the impact of feeding stations on vulture scavenging service efficiency

Vultures, the only vertebrate obligate scavengers, are currently facing a dramatic worldwide decline with over half of vulture species now classified as threatened. To address this widespread decline, the use of feeding stations has been widely advocated in recovery programs. However, providing food that is more predictable in time and space than natural resources could disrupt the ecological scavenging service provided by vultures. In this study, we build a multi-agent system (MAS), which describes the social foraging behavior of Gyps vultures in order to investigate how resource predictability in space and resource management affect scavenging service efficiency. We study the possibility that vultures take into account feeding station location in addition of using local enhancement. Our results show that the efficiency of the scavenging service is heavily affected by the way resources are distributed between feeding stations and natural areas. Nevertheless, it appears possible to minimize a loss in service efficiency by increasing the number of feeding stations while keeping the total amount of resources available constant, thus reducing the predictability of the resources located on the stations. We illustrate our work in the case of European feeding stations that provide supplementary resources in areas where natural ones are scarce. Moreover, we discuss the implications worldwide, in particular in the case of India, where feeding stations for vultures are intended to lure individuals away from potentially harmful natural carrion.     

武夷山风景名胜区生态系统服务价值评价

参照Costanza等对全球生态系统服务价值的测算方法,初步估算了武夷山风景名胜区的生态服务价值.研究结果表明,该区生态系统服务总价值为12.59×106 USD·a-1,其中生态效益占79.67%.这反映出该区生态系统具有明显的生态功能.该区生态系统服务价值占全国的0.001 444%,调节水分等对全国生态服务功能贡献相对较高.该景区1996-2001年生态服务功能发生了一定程度的变化,2001年提供的生态服务功能价值比1996年减少了1.94×105 USD·a-1.由于存在许多不确定因素以及方法上的不成熟,故所得武夷山风景名胜区生态系统服务价值只是一个保守的、较低的估计值.     

福州市土地生态系统服务时空分异特征

采用价值系数法估算非建设用地生态系统服务价值,应用防治成本法和替代成本法估算建设用地对生态系统服务的影响价值,并借助“力矩平衡点”法计算区域土地生态系统服务价值空间分布重心,在此基础上,分析了福州市土地生态系统服务价值时空分异特征.结果表明:福州市土地生态系统服务价值从1993年的95541.91×106元降低至2004年的91437.19×106元,而后又增加至2009年的99192.32×106元.林地对福州市土地生态系统服务价值的贡献最大,水域次之,两者约占总服务价值的87%~92%,而建设用地的负面影响逐渐加大.土地生态系统服务价值空间分布重心在不同时期的转移路径,与福州市城市化发展方向正好相反,同时在一定程度上也受区域环境可持续发展保护战略的影响.根据福州市各县(市)区土地生态系统服务价值的空间分布特征,将福州市划分为3个生态功能区:人工调控生态区、半自然半人工恢复生态区和自然调控生态区.     

面向客户的特种设备数据服务平台研发与应用

特种设备数据服务平台是基于B／S结构开发的信息管理系统,能面向客户并实现监察机构、检验机构、使用机构三方数据联动,把客户特种设备管理、收费系统、网上报检、历年检验报告查询、检验进度查询、委托业务管理、用户点对点资料传输等实现一站式服务。项目的应用为监察机构、检验机构和企业实现数据资源高效管理,简化业务办理流程,加强企业对特种设备管理的力度提供技术支持。