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Sandra K. Poppenga Dean B. Gesch Bruce B. Worstell 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2013,49(2):371-389
Abstract: The 1:24,000‐scale high‐resolution National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) mapped hydrography flow lines require regular updating because land surface conditions that affect surface channel drainage change over time. Historically, NHD flow lines were created by digitizing surface water information from aerial photography and paper maps. Using these same methods to update nationwide NHD flow lines is costly and inefficient; furthermore, these methods result in hydrography that lacks the horizontal and vertical accuracy needed for fully integrated datasets useful for mapping and scientific investigations. Effective methods for improving mapped hydrography employ change detection analysis of surface channels derived from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) digital elevation models (DEMs) and NHD flow lines. In this article, we describe the usefulness of surface channels derived from LiDAR DEMs for hydrography change detection to derive spatially accurate and time‐relevant mapped hydrography. The methods employ analyses of horizontal and vertical differences between LiDAR‐derived surface channels and NHD flow lines to define candidate locations of hydrography change. These methods alleviate the need to analyze and update the nationwide NHD for time relevant hydrography, and provide an avenue for updating the dataset where change has occurred. 相似文献
213.
ANNE E. PUSEY§† LILIAN PINTEA‡§†† MICHAEL L. WILSON†§ SHADRACK KAMENYA† JANE GOODALL†† 《Conservation biology》2007,21(3):623-634
Abstract: Long-term research projects can provide important conservation benefits, not only through research specifically focused on conservation problems, but also from various incidental benefits, such as increased intensity of monitoring and building support for the protection of an area. At Gombe National Park, Tanzania, long-term research has provided at least four distinct benefits to wildlife conservation. (1) Jane Goodall's groundbreaking discoveries of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) tool use, hunting, and complex social relationships in what was then a game reserve drew attention to the area and created support for upgrading Gombe to national park status in 1968. (2) The highly publicized findings have earned Gombe and Tanzania the attention of a worldwide public that includes tourists and donors that provide financial support for Gombe, other parks in Tanzania, and chimpanzee conservation in general. (3) Crucial information on social structure and habitat use has been gathered that is essential for effective conservation of chimpanzees at Gombe and elsewhere. (4) A clear picture of Gombe's chimpanzee population over the past 40 years has been determined, and this has helped identify the greatest threats to the viability of this population, namely disease and habitat loss outside the park. These threats are severe and because of the small size of the population it is extremely vulnerable. Research at Gombe has led to the establishment of conservation education and development projects around Gombe, which are needed to build local support for the park and its chimpanzees, but saving these famous chimpanzees will take a larger integrated effort on the part of park managers, researchers, and the local community with financial help from international donors. 相似文献
214.
国家森林公园生态评价方法研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
宝华山国家级森林公园是华东地区自然生态环境保存比较完好的北亚热带森林生态系统,通过建立多层次的生态评价指标体系,运用指标赋分和加权平均法,对宝华山林林公园进行评价。结果认为,该森林公园具有一定的代表意义和较高的保护开发价值。 相似文献
215.
The National Park Service, like other natural resource management agencies, has adopted the traditional model of public administration,
which emphasizes efficiency, effectiveness, economy, and dichotomy between politics and administration. This approach is particularly
ineffective in greenline parks and increasingly inappropriate in traditional areas. In an era of ecological interdependence,
relationships with other agencies and jurisdictions and with adjacent as well as noncontiguous landowners are as important
as controlling visitors. Recreation managers need to develop more skill in negotiation, cooperation, coordination, and interpersonal
communication if they are to preserve and protect park resources. 相似文献
216.
世博园区水体底泥氮磷分布特征 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
分析世博园区水体底泥中氮磷营养盐、硫化物和有机质含量,结果表明,硫化物为(4.51±0.12)mg/kg,有机质为(1.73±0.01)%,氨氮为(206.6±1.2)mg/kg,亚硝酸盐氮为(0.041±0.001)mg/kg,硝酸盐氮为(0.066±0.002)mg/kg,总氮为(0.228±0.002)%,速效磷为(192.3±0.5)mg/kg,总磷为(0.247±0.001)%。运用有机指数评价底泥污染,为0.299±0.005,说明污染较严重。 相似文献
217.
M. Anwar H. Khan M. M. Nazmul Hoque S. Shamsul Alam M. J. Ashfol Graham Nickless Dudley E. Shallcross 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(1):60-64
Night-time OH levels have been determined for UK urban surface environments using two methods, the decay and steady state
approximation methods. Measurement data from the UK National Environmental Technology Centre archive for four urban sites
(Bristol, Harwell, London Eltham and Edinburgh) over the time period of 1996 to 2000 have been used in this study. Three reactive
alkenes, namely isoprene, 1,3-butadiene and trans-2-pentene were chosen for the calculation of OH levels by the decay method. Hourly
measurements of NO, NO2, O3, CO and 20 VOCs were used to determine night-time OH level using the steady state approximation
method. Our results showed that the night-time OH levels were in the range of 1 105–1 106 molecules/cm3 at these four urban sites in
the UK. The application of a t-test of these analyses indicated that except Bristol, there was no significant di erence between the OH
levels found from the decay and steady state approximation methods. Night-time levels of the OH radical appeared to peak in summer
and spring time tracking the night-time O3 levels which also passed through a maximum at this time. 相似文献
218.
以奥运森林公园南区景观水系为背景,探讨了如何建立基于自动监测的水质预警体系.水质预警体系中包含5个部分:风险因素自动识别、风险因素定量化分析和预测、水质预测、水质警报指标体系与水质预警、对策及防范措施.结合奥运森林公园南区景观水系的具体情况,分析了上述水质预警体系中各部分的主要实现方法,给出了动态率定法、统计模型法、机... 相似文献
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