论多自然型河流治理法对河流生态环境的影响

本文首先介绍了成都府河望江公园段多自然型护岸工程的由来,然后通过简述国外多自然型河川治理常用方法论述了对河流生态环境的改善作用,最后在对府河多自然型护岸设计介绍的基础上提出了试验工程的深远意义及其对今后工作的启迪     

基于结构和水环境的城市湿地景观健康研究——以西溪湿地公园为例

景观健康是近年来随着生态系统健康研究不断深入而出现的一个新的景观生态学概念,旨在探讨景观尺度下生态健康的问题。论文针对城市湿地公园的特征,构建能够反映其特征的景观功能分类体系,建立景观结构健康和水环境健康的评价模型,并在分析两者之间关系的基础上,对景观健康进行综合评价,探讨西溪湿地公园景观健康的空间异质性。研究结果表明,西溪湿地公园景观总体处于亚健康的状态,景观健康程度由公园内部向周边呈逐渐降低的趋势,说明湿地公园作为“湿岛”,受到周边环境的强烈影响。其中,景观疾病的区域占公园总面积的20.42%;景观不健康的区域占整个公园的20.97%;景观亚健康的区域占整个公园的34.98%;景观健康和很健康的区域占整个公园的23.63%。研究结果有利于西溪湿地公园开展具有针对性的管理工作,且为其他城市湿地公园的规划和建设提供科学依据。     

苏州工业园区夜间光环境现状分析

为了了解苏州工业园区夜间光环境现状,本文通过对苏州工业园区夜间环境照度、亮度进行测量,对夜间广告与标志灯数量进行调查和统计分析,探讨了苏州工业园区的主要光环境问题,并提出光环境治理的对策和建议。     

常熟氟化学工业园水环境和生物样品中全氟化合物的分布

采用Oasis-WAX-SPE柱富集,高效液相色谱/电喷雾负离子源串联质谱(HPLC/negative ESI/MS/MS)对常熟氟化学工业园区地表河水样品和水生动物样品(乙腈萃取物)中的全氟及多氟化合物(PFASs)进行了测定,分别检测出8种和14种PFASs.园区河水中总PFASs浓度范围为91.0—9374.9 ng.L-1,为国内已有报道中最高;PFOA和PFPrA是河水样品中含量最高的两种PFASs,且在不同水样中均可占到总PFASs的73%以上,未检出PFOS;生物样品中总PFASs浓度范围为12.93—394.77 ng.g-1ww(湿重),PFOA、PFOS和PFPrA为主要PFASs;与园区所在城市的鱼类等样品相比较,采自氟化学工业园区的鱼类体内富集了更多的PFAS.研究结果表明,常熟氟化学工业园区地表水环境PFOA和PFPrA污染较重,为目前国内最高水平;在园区河水和生物体内检测出高浓度的PFPrA,说明氟化学工业园区内部分工厂可能已使用短链氟化物替代PFOA和PFOS,在今后的研究中对PFPrA等短链全氟化合物的监测应给予更多关注.     

涉及国家级自然保护区建设项目的累积生态影响研究

通过对近一年来我国涉及国家级自然保护区建设项目的统计分析,探析了多个建设项目对单个自然保护区累积生态影响的具体内容,并以内蒙古西鄂尔多斯国家级自然保护区为例,探讨了累积生态影响的评价方法。最后为严格控制建设项目对国家级自然保护区的累加生态影响,提出了4条有针对性的建议对策。     

论生态安全

生态安全是指人类赖以生态和发展的生态环境处于健康和可持续发展状态，当代，人类生态系统处于脆弱状态。生态安全是区域和国家安全的重要组成部分。以国家安全、金融安全等具有同等重要的战略地位，我国生态安全正面临严峻的挑战，建立我国生态安全体系，十分紧迫。     

A management strategy to reduce bacterial pollution in shellfish areas: A case study

The problem of bacterial pollution in shellfishing areas is not uncommon in the coastal regions of the United States. Bacterial contamination from man's activities can effectively reduce our natural shellfish resource areas by forcing their closure because of high potential risk of diseases being spread by shellfish harvested in these areas. Tillamook Bay, a relatively small, enclosed drainage basin of nonurban character, presents an excellent study area for observing this problem. The high population density of animals, raised on a relatively small floodplain area, represents one of the major sources of pollution in the bay. This paper summarizes the history of the agencies involved with the problem and presents the current approach to alleviate bacterial pollution in the bay without unduly penalizing other industries in the Tillamook basin. The paper also presents some of the legal aspects of reducing water pollution in shellfish harvesting areas and the jurisdiction of federal agencies in these matters. Finally, recommendations are given to reduce bacterial output by the major source categories in the basin, and criteria for bay closure to shellfish harvest are developed to protect the public from bacterially contaminated shellfish.     

Cross-boundary management between national parks and surrounding lands: A review and discussion

Protecting biodiversity on public lands is difficult, requiring the management of a complex array of factors. This is especially true when the ecosystems in question are affected by, or extend onto, lands outside the boundaries of the protected area. In this article we review recent developments in the cross-boundary management of protected natural resources, such as parks, wildlife reserves, and designated wilderness areas. Five ecological and 11 anthropic techniques have been suggested for use in cross-boundary management. The categories are not mutually exclusive, but each is a distinct and representative approach, suggested by various authors from academic, managerial, and legal professions. The ecological strategies stress the collection of basic data and documentation of trends. The anthropic techniques stress the usefulness of cooperative guidelines and the need to develop a local constituency which supports park goals. However, the situation is complex and the needed strategies are often difficult to implement. Diverse park resources are influenced by events in surrounding lands. The complexity and variability of sources, the ecological systems under protection, and the uncertainty of the effects combine to produce situations for which there are no simple answers. The solution to coexistence of the park and surrounding land depends upon creative techniques and recommendations, many still forthcoming. Ecological, sociological, legal, and economic disciplines as well as the managing agency should all contribute to these recommendations. Platforms for change include legislation, institutional policies, communication, education, management techniques, and ethics.     

Timber harvest calculations on a National Forest: A case study

Harvest calculations determine sawtimber flows from public lands and are closely scruntinized by a wide spectrum of forest users. This study examines the reliability of harvest calculations on a single national forest in New Mexico Forest Service determinations of an array of variables were reviewed and evaluated. The study revealed a lack of precision in Forest Service adherence to self-imposed procedural standards governing the calculation process. Timber sales have taken place on lands where such standards prohibit harvesting and these lands have been included in annual harvest calculations. Assumptions required by a mathematical model used by the Forest Service in calculating the harvest were not followed in the subsequent implementation of the harvest level. These factors suggest that the Forest Service could have significantly over-stated annual harvest rate for the first decade. Opportunities exist to improve the calculation, and benefits realized may greatly exceed additional costs of implementation     

关于卫生防护距离问题的探讨

本文通过水泥厂粉尘卫生防护距离的计算实例，比较、分析了国标推荐的两种计算方法的结果．表明ＧＢ／Ｔ１３２０１－９１计算较ＧＢ３８４０－８３结果偏高．进一步分析说明，ＧＢ３８４０－８３方法缺点在于当污染源等效半径超过２００ｍ时，缺少最大防护距离与规化源强间的对应数据．而ＧＢ／Ｔ１３２０１－９１方法的缺点在于未考虑污染源与居住区的空间关系．