The applications of chlorine have been broadly used in many industrial products, such as bleaching agents, synthetic rubbers, plastics, disinfectants, iron chlorides, fire refractory materials, insecticides, and anti-freezers, etc. According to the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA), more than 30 thousand tons were used in the year 2000. In addition, there were more than 12 reported incidents from 2000 to 2003—mostly on using chlorine as disinfectants (five) and as process agents (four).
This study investigated 15 chlorine operation plants in central Taiwan. These chlorine usages included bleaching agents, disinfectants, iron chloride, synthesizing rubber plastics, and others. Thirteen plants were located in the industrial parks and two were in or near residential zones. The consequence analysis were used three different methods to analyze the worst-case scenarios (WCSs) and alternative release case scenarios (ACSs) in order to compare impact zones for applying various active and passive mitigation systems, such as confined space, scrubber, water-spray, and so no. For two plants in or near residential zones, multi-layers mitigation systems and operation limits should be implemented in order to enforce more stringent protection measures. However, there was no specific regulation for chlorine plants operated at different locations, such as industrial parks or residential zones. In order to reduce chemical accidents and their impacts on public safety, our results suggest that source mitigation/management and warning systems should be adopted simultaneously. 相似文献
A discriminate analysis method for probability forecast of dust storms in Mongolia has been developed. The prediction method
uses data recorded at 23 meteorological stations in the Gobi and steppe regions of Mongolia, including surface air pressure
and geo-potential height at the 500-hPa level on grid points, and weather maps from 1975 to 1990.
Weather elements such as air temperature, pressure, geo-potential height etc, which influence the formation of dust storms,
are prepared as predictors. To select the most informative/important predictors (variables), we used a mean correlation matrix
of variables together with the Mahalonobis distance, and correlation coefficients between dust storms and predictors with
an orthogonalization for removing correlated predictors. The most informative predictors for dust storm prediction are intensities
of surface cyclones and migratory anticyclones, passage of cold fronts, the horizontal gradients of the surface air pressure
in the cold frontal zone, cyclonic circulations from the ground surface up to the 500-hPa level, the geo-potential height
at 500-hPa level and its temporal changes.
Selected predictors are used in discriminate analysis for formulating dust storm prediction equations. Sandstorm data have
been classified into three classes, viz., strong, moderate and weak dust storms, depending on their intensities, durations
and areas covered. Predictions of the probabilities of dust storm occurrence use the prediction equations for each class.
The prediction is made from 12 hours to 36 hours.
Verification of the probability forecasts of dust storms is also shown. The accuracy of forecasts is 72.2–79.9% with the data
used for developing equations (dependent variables), in contrast to 67.1–72.0% with unrelated data for deriving equations
(independent variables). 相似文献
Perth groundwater resources are obtained from three major aquifers that occur beneath the Perth metropolitan area: the Superficial
aquifer, Leederville aquifer and Yarragadee aquifer. Each aquifer has a unique seasonal water level pattern controlled by
soils, geomorphology and geology. Landuse is mainly responsible for variations in recharge; however, the hydraulic properties
control aquifer response and water level pattern to a greater degree. Groundwater in the three aquifers is generally of very
good quality except in localised areas. Salinity increases with depth and in direction of groundwater flow in the three aquifers.
The best water quality is in the Superficial aquifer in the Wanneroo well field area. The geochemistry and stable isotope
signatures from the three major aquifers revealed distinct water types that suggest very little hydraulic connection or mixing
of waters between these aquifers at the present abstraction and recharge regimes. The results also show that the Leederville
and Yarragadee aquifers were recharged during earlier cooler times while the Superficial aquifer is being recharged at present. 相似文献