Conservation resource allocation,small population resiliency,and the fallacy of conservation triage

Some conservation prioritization methods are based on the assumption that conservation needs overwhelm current resources and not all species can be conserved; therefore, a conservation triage scheme (i.e., when the system is overwhelmed, species should be divided into three groups based on likelihood of survival, and efforts should be focused on those species in the group with the best survival prospects and reduced or denied to those in the group with no survival prospects and to those in the group not needing special efforts for their conservation) is necessary to guide resource allocation. We argue that this decision-making strategy is not appropriate because resources are not as limited as often assumed, and it is not evident that there are species that cannot be conserved. Small population size alone, for example, does not doom a species to extinction; plants, reptiles, birds, and mammals offer examples. Although resources dedicated to conserving all threatened species are insufficient at present, the world's economic resources are vast, and greater resources could be dedicated toward species conservation. The political framework for species conservation has improved, with initiatives such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals and other international agreements, funding mechanisms such as The Global Environment Facility, and the rise of many nongovernmental organizations with nimble, rapid-response small grants programs. For a prioritization system to allow no extinctions, zero extinctions must be an explicit goal of the system. Extinction is not inevitable, and should not be acceptable. A goal of no human-induced extinctions is imperative given the irreversibility of species loss.     

Does size matter? Comparing the party politics of climate change in Australia and Norway

ABSTRACT

The implications of state size for the party politics of climate change are examined, and in particular its effect in facilitating or impeding cross-party consensus on the issue. This issue is explored through an in-depth, qualitative comparison of Australia and Norway, which are shown to be comparable in important respects yet differ in terms of their size and climate politics. Original primary data is presented from 44 interviews with policymakers and policy-shapers in both countries, which shows that, to the limited extent that state size moderates the parties’ behaviour, it is the countries’ geographical – not economic – size that matters. Institutional factors are found to play a more significant role, however, and the corporatist features of state-business cooperation, strong ENGOs and compensatory welfare arrangements are highlighted as particularly important.     

红壤地区小流域开发治理研究——以玉山县宅前小流域为例

本文以玉山县宅前小流域开发治理规划为例,指出红壤地区小流域治理指导思想和应遵循原则,提出以山顶及坡度≥25°山坡营造防护林,坡度<25°山坡实行等高开垦为水土保持措施;同时兴修水利,建立山地灌溉体系,努力提高劳动者素质,加速区域经济发展,此小流域开发治理将为我国南方未开发的红壤地区充分利用自然资源提出一个典范。     

城镇用地扩张的影响分析

社会经济条件的变化是推动城镇用地扩张的重要力量。城镇用地规模不断扩大，不仅促进了城镇本身功能的完善、经济实力的提高，带动了周围农村地区社会经济的发展。而且，城镇用地大量、快速向外扩张也给城镇本身及其周围农村带来了较大的负面影响。     

原生亚热带山地常绿阔叶林下土壤侵蚀量的研究

采用量水堰方法测定了一个原生常绿阔叶林小流域的侵蚀量。该小流域在当地属较陡的类型,面积14.4ha。1986至1990年的观测结果表明,每年沉积在量水堰静水池和沉砂池中的沉积物约为530至1820kg,每年由堰口流出的侵蚀量估算为500至2950kg,故每年的全部侵蚀量约为1030至4770kg,平均每公顷约为70至330kg,其中有机物约占15％。根据观测结果分析,每年侵蚀量的多少,主要决定于降水强度。遇有暴雨和大强度降水较多的年份,侵蚀量明显增大。此外,侵蚀量主要来自地表流。由于常绿阔叶林下土壤的透水性很好,估计小流域97％的降水是先渗透到土壤中,故其侵蚀量很小。     

“苏南模式”与可持续发展

“苏南模式”是我国目前经济发展模式之一，取得了巨大的成就，也面临着严峻的挑战。实施可持续发展战略是“苏南模式”摆脱传统再创辉煌的必然选择，可将苏南地区建成我国可持续发展示范区。     

基于经济空间分异的扬州市生态镇建设模式研究

扬州市乡镇经济发展程度空间分异明显。应用主成分分析法分析了扬州市88个乡镇经济水平的空间差异,指出经济发达、欠发达乡镇的分布,整体上呈现南强北弱的态势。进而提出不同经济水平的生态镇建设模式,即:经济发达乡镇主导发展生态工业;欠发达乡镇巩固农业优势,主导发展特色资源型生态农业和观光农业。     

小直径锥形管成形工艺研究

通过对小直径锥形管的工艺分析 ,介绍了一种成形的工艺方法和措施 ;并就成形、加工模具作了详细说明     

中小型燃煤锅炉湿法除尘废水水质净化技术研究

介绍了利用稀土陶瓷和燃煤炉渣净化锅炉湿法除尘废水的技术研究．并列举实例介绍了该技术在工程中的应用．