乡村振兴背景下浙江省3A级景区村庄空间结构特征与影响因子分析

乡村振兴背景下,基于浙江省1597处3A级景区村庄数据,采用最邻近距离指数、点密度分析,结合ArcGIS 10.6、地理探测器等数据处理与分析工具,探讨浙江省及各地级市3A级景区村庄空间结构特征、影响因子,并提出空间结构优化思路:(1)浙江省及各地级市3A级景区村庄空间分布聚集性显著,空间结构呈“万”字形。(2)各地级市空间结构特征具有趋低海拔、趋平原、趋阳坡、趋河流、趋干线、趋中心地等分布规律。(3)3A级景区村庄数与高程、坡度、坡度变率、坡向变率呈负相关,距水域分布5 km范围、地级市40 km范围、区县15 km范围、重要道路干线4 km范围、高级别景区20 km范围内具有显著的聚集性与辐射性。(4)自然因子是影响3A级景区村庄空间结构特征的先决性因子,人文因子是村庄转型的牵引性因子。(5)3A级景区村庄优化可进一步以点促面,促成多核心放射结构和核聚—扩散结构、以线为轴,优化聚集—汇流结构、以面化点,优化同异互动结构。     

景区员工旅游感知与双元服务绩效:基于情绪劳动理论的实证研究

本研究基于感知一情绪一行为的心理学关系路径,以安徽省4A级以上景区员工为研究对象,引入情绪劳动策略作为中介变量,通过实证研究验证了旅游感知对双元服务绩效的影响机理。研究发现:旅游感知对双元服务绩效具有显著正向影响,当旅游感知越正面时,越有助于员工积极进行本职工作以及乐于帮助他人;情绪劳动策略在旅游感知与双元服务绩效关系之间起中介作用,但是不同的情绪劳动策略其中介效应机制和影响结果存在差异性。本研究丰富了旅游感知影响服务绩效的相关理论,为增强景区员工旅游感知和激发积极情绪提供理论基础和实践指导。     

城市犯罪问题中的非公共空间盲区微观环境分析

城市地域空间内部的各类空间盲区是城市犯罪事件构成要件中必不可少的环节,非公共空间作为城市内部最常见的一种空间表现形式,存在其中的盲区是城市犯罪问题中的关键点。非公共空间盲区的形成有赖于微观环境的广泛性和独特性,剖析根植其中不同的致盲因素,对预防犯罪问题的产生和遏制犯罪事件的发展有着至关重要的作用。     

山西省A级景区空间分布特征及可达性研究

以山西省A级景区作为研究对象,采用最邻近指数、地理集中指数和核密度分析法探究了景区的空间分布特征,利用栅格成本加权距离方法对不同类别景区的可达性进行了测度,并运用空间自相关分析了县域可达性的空间关联特征。研究结果表明:(1)山西省A级景区空间分布总体表现为集聚形态,呈现"南部多而密集、北部少而分散"的格局。(2)山西省A级景区整体可达性表现一般,平均可达时间为52min,可达性分布区域差异较明显,景区在县域单元内的整体可达性分布呈集聚状态。(3)可达性热点区主要分布在太原市城区和晋中市榆次区等省中部地区,冷点区主要分布在偏关县和河曲县等省界边缘地区。     

三峡库区重庆段农村面源污染时空格局演变特征

论文以三峡库区重庆段21 个区县为实例,利用空间自相关及冷热点分析方法,在区县级尺度上,研究了化学肥料施用、有机肥施用、农作物秸秆、畜禽养殖、水产养殖、农村生活污水、生活垃圾和农田土壤侵蚀等8 个来源中农业面源污染化学需氧量(COD)、生化需氧量(BOD5)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)的时空变化特征,结果表明:① 从Moran's I 值判断,2005-2011年间,三峡库区重庆段的COD、BOD5、TN、TP在区域上一直处于较高的集聚状态,2005-2008年集聚减弱,2008-2011 年集聚增强。② 从COD、BOD5、TN、TP排放总量来看,由农业面源污染引起的COD、BOD5、TN、TP 绝对排放量,2005 年分别为15.85×10⁴、7.35×10⁴、5.50×10⁴ 和0.97×10⁴ t·a^-1;2008 年分别为10.93×10⁴、6.45×10⁴、5.60×10⁴ 和1.04×10⁴ t·a^-1;2011 年分别为14.67×10⁴、8.68×10⁴、6.94×10⁴和1.14×10⁴ t·a^-1。COD、BOD5 绝对排放总量经历了先降后升的趋势,TN和TP绝对排放总量则一直处于增长的态势。③ 从冷热点分析结果来看,三峡库区腹地是热点区域的集中区,而三峡库区库尾都市核心区是冷点区域集中区。     

太湖竺山湾藻华黑水团区沉积物中Fe、S、P的含量及其形态变化

对因藻华大量聚集死亡而造成水体呈强还原环境(DO=0.14 mg.L-1,Eh=-89.3 mV)的黑水团区中Fe-S-P的生物地球化学变化特征进行研究.结果表明,藻细胞残体的沉降使得黑水区沉积物表层有机质含量显著增加;因藻细胞残体的贡献,沉积物表层中Org-P含量急剧增加(比非黑水区多72 mg.kg-1);受较低Eh的影响,沉积物中与Fe结合的磷出现解析,使得黑水区沉积物中活性铁和PO43--P含量增加,黑水区中沉积物间隙水PO43--P要远高于非黑水团区,表明其有向上覆水释放的趋势;造成沉积物中Fe-P含量比非黑水区中的要低.在强还原条件下沉积物中铁的氧化物呈现出由结晶态向无定形态转化的趋势(Dithio-Fe比非黑水区高达30μmol.g-1),从而使得可供生物利用的活性铁含量增加,这为藻华再次发生提供了有利条件.黑水区表层沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)在初始阶段大量增加,但后期由于形成了H2S气体逸散到水体中其含量反而减少;表层沉积物硫化物含量也呈增加现象(比非黑水区表层沉积物中要高50μmol.g-1).     

Quantitative risk assessment integrated with dynamic process simulation for reactor section in heavy oil desulfurization process

A new methodology for quantitative risk assessment (QRA) integrated with dynamic simulation and accident simulation is proposed. The objective of this study is to discover inherent risks that are undetectable by conventional risk analysis methods based on steady-state conditions. The target process is the reactor section in the heavy oil desulfurization (HOD) process, which is likely to pose vast potential risks due to the high operating conditions of pressure and temperature. First, a dynamic simulation of a shut-down procedure was performed to observe the behavior of process variables using Aspen HYSYS V10, which is a commercially available process software. Based on the results of the dynamic simulation, several blind spots indicating a higher operating pressure than that in the steady-state simulation were identified. To assess the risks of the detected blind spots, a QRA was performed using the commercial software of SAFETI V8.22, which performs risk calculation based on consequence and frequency data. As a result of applying the proposed method to the HOD process, the risk assessment outcome was identified as intolerably risky unlike that of steady-state conditions, thereby indicating that dynamic simulations can serve as a method to spot inherent risks that are undetectable in steady-state conditions. In addition, mitigation procedures that reduce the risk of the process to a tolerable level are performed, thereby enabling a safer and more reliable process.     

Hot Spots and Hot Moments in Riparian Zones: Potential for Improved Water Quality Management1

Vidon, Philippe, Craig Allan, Douglas Burns, Tim P. Duval, Noel Gurwick, Shreeram Inamdar, Richard Lowrance, Judy Okay, Durelle Scott, and Steve Sebestyen, 2010. Hot Spots and Hot Moments in Riparian Zones: Potential for Improved Water Quality Management. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(2):278-298. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00420.x Abstract: Biogeochemical and hydrological processes in riparian zones regulate contaminant movement to receiving waters and often mitigate the impact of upland sources of contaminants on water quality. These heterogeneous processes have recently been conceptualized as “hot spots and moments” of retention, degradation, or production. Nevertheless, studies investigating the importance of hot phenomena (spots and moments) in riparian zones have thus far largely focused on nitrogen (N) despite compelling evidence that a variety of elements, chemicals, and particulate contaminant cycles are subject to the influence of both biogeochemical and transport hot spots and moments. In addition to N, this review summarizes current knowledge for phosphorus, organic matter, pesticides, and mercury across riparian zones, identifies variables controlling the occurrence and magnitude of hot phenomena in riparian zones for these contaminants, and discusses the implications for riparian zone management of recognizing the importance of hot phenomena in annual solute budgets at the watershed scale. Examples are presented to show that biogeochemical process-driven hot spots and moments occur along the stream/riparian zone/upland interface for a wide variety of constituents. A basic understanding of the possible co-occurrence of hot spots and moments for a variety of contaminants in riparian systems will increase our understanding of the influence of riparian zones on water quality and guide management strategies to enhance nutrient or pollutant removal at the landscape scale.     

公路交通事故黑点分析系统的设计

在公路交通事故黑点分析系统需求分析的基础上,设计了公路交通事故黑点分析系统的总体结构、数据库和算法库,提出系统流程及各个模块的功能。数据库设计给出事故黑点分析系统的E-R图与逻辑结构;算法库设计重点实现对应分析法,提出运用对应分析法进行事故黑点成因分析的原理和步骤;应用面向对象的系统开发技术研发应用软件,通过事故黑点信息查询窗口、事故黑点判定窗口和事故黑点成因分析结果图的实现,论证了应用软件进行公路事故黑点成因分析的可行性和实用性。     

搬迁企业遗留场地土壤监测布点浅析

综合参考国内外场地土壤监测布点的要求，以某搬迁企业遗留场地为例提出布点方法，为开展搬迁企业遗留场地土壤监测布点提供借鉴。