焙烧温度对ZnSn水滑石结构及光催化性能的影响

采用共沉淀和热处理法合成了一系列ZnSn-LDHs/MMO光催化剂,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)、紫外漫反射(UV-Vis-DRS)、光致发光光谱(PL)和电化学阻抗(EIS)等技术对其进行表征,并以甲基橙(MO)为降解物,考察其光催化性能.结果表明,ZnSn-LDHs在焙烧温度...     

浓密尾矿管道输送的研究现状及展望

为掌握浓密尾矿管道输送中的流动规律及阻力特性,对国内外现有研究成果进行了综述,以尾矿颗粒的粒径尺寸和分布特征为切入点,分析了颗粒-颗粒、颗粒-流体间的相互作用,提出将浓密尾矿管道输送划分为均质结构流和复合流动两种模式,分别对不同模式下浆体流变性质、颗粒运移行为、流动型态及阻力特性方面的研究成果和最新进展进行了评述。结果表明:均匀细颗粒(d dc)浓密尾矿可视为由细颗粒介质与离散粗颗粒组成的复合流体,粗颗粒具有"剪切沉降"效应,介质屈服应力较小(τy<5τyc)时,浆体在管道内分层流动,管流阻力可通过两层流模型进行分析。     

What is a static head measurement? Evaluating structural error and implications for regional groundwater modeling

Most groundwater modelers avoid using static heads measured from active production wells because they can introduce a bias into model calibration. However, in the deep confined Cambrian-Ordovician Sandstone Aquifer System in the Central Midcontinent of North America, dedicated observation wells are sparse and remote from areas of most concentrated pumping. As a result, in areas where drawdown is the greatest and modeling is most needed, only static heads from production wells are available for calibration. This paper evaluates two leading sources of discrepancies in using production well data, spatial and temporal structural error (S.E.). A simple Theis solution is used to evaluate the potential magnitude of spatial S.E. when calibrating a regional MODFLOW model with coarse cell resolution. Despite theoretical analyses indicating that spatial S.E. could be significant, statistical analysis of the model results suggests that temporal S.E. is dominant. Long (ranging over decades) or frequent (monthly) head datasets are key in understanding temporal S.E., to better capture water-level variability. In this study, the range in static head observations impacted estimates of the remaining time a well could extract water from the aquifer by 0.1 to 16.0 years. This uncertainty in future water supply is highly relevant to stakeholders and must be assessed in hydrographs depicting risk.     

输入未知情况下结构复合反演的两步法

研究了输入未知条件下的参数识别问题。针对剪切型结构,提出了其在一类特殊未知载荷下的复合反演算法,此方法假设结构各层上的未知输入之间成比例关系,在不知道这些比例关系的情况下,分两步进行复合反演:第一步,假设某一层上的未知输入为基本未知输入,利用子结构技术,采用遗传算法识别子结构参数和子结构上未知输入之间的比例关系,进而求出基本未知输入;第二步,在基本未知输入已知的情况下,通过最小二乘算法识别其余各层的未知参数和其余各层上未知输入与基本未知输入之间的比例关系。此方法在类似风荷载作用未知情况下的复合反演中具有重要意义,最后用剪切型数值算例验证了算法的合理性。     

大跨桥梁结构损伤预警的基本原理与方法

以润扬长江公路大桥为例,系统阐述了以小波包能量谱为基础的结构损伤预警方法的理论基础和本质特征。研究了以小波包分析为基础的结构动力系统的多尺度分解原理,推导了不同分析尺度上振动结构的状态方程和观测方程,并分析了结构系统矩阵和观测噪声的小波包分解特性,从理论上证明了基于小波包能量谱的结构损伤预警的敏感性和噪声鲁棒性。指出大跨桥梁结构损伤预警的有效性须考虑结构损伤和观测噪声的共同影响,并根据噪声能量的小波包分解特性提出了大跨桥梁结构损伤预警参数的计算方法。     

事故树结构重要度求解方法研究探讨

在采用事故树法进行安全系统分析时,事故树的结构重要度一般是利用最小割集或最小径集进行求解,但是由于采用最小割集求解的结果与采用最小径集分析求得结果并不一致,使得事故树结构重要度产生差异,导致系统分析结果存在差异.本文提出采用求结构重要度系数和利用概率重要度性质求结构重要度的方法来解决,实例证明所求解的结构重要度结果与最小径集分析结果一致,结果精确.     

基于ISM方法的煤矿安全政策控灾作用分析

为研究煤矿安全政策的事故防控作用(控灾作用),在安全政策条款和前人研究成果基础上凝炼出42个煤矿安全政策控灾因子,运用解释结构建模方法,通过两两对比建立42个因子间的相关关系矩阵、建立可达矩阵并划分因子层级,最终建立煤矿安全政策的控灾作用模型。结果表明:安全政策42个控灾因子对事故防控的作用从强到弱分为5个层级;安全政策的科学性、安全监察体系、国家宏观利益是安全政策控灾的重要因子,其次是地方政府、矿主利益、地方安监体系和安全管理机制,而煤矿生产系统、煤层赋存特征及安全科技等因子由于受安全政策间接作用其控灾作用相对较弱。     

Mitigating the impact of oil‐palm monoculture on freshwater fishes in Southeast Asia

Anthropogenic land‐cover change is driving biodiversity loss worldwide. At the epicenter of this crisis lies Southeast Asia, where biodiversity‐rich forests are being converted to oil‐palm monocultures. As demand for palm oil increases, there is an urgent need to find strategies that maintain biodiversity in plantations. Previous studies found that retaining forest patches within plantations benefited some terrestrial taxa but not others. However, no study has focused on aquatic taxa such as fishes, despite their importance to human well‐being. We assessed the efficacy of forested riparian reserves in conserving freshwater fish biodiversity in oil‐palm monoculture by sampling stream fish communities in an oil‐palm plantation in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Forested riparian reserves maintained preconversion local fish species richness and functional diversity. In contrast, local and total species richness, biomass, and functional diversity declined markedly in streams without riparian reserves. Mechanistically, riparian reserves appeared to increase local species richness by increasing leaf litter cover and maintaining coarse substrate. The loss of fishes specializing in leaf litter and coarse substrate decreased functional diversity and altered community composition in oil‐palm plantation streams that lacked riparian reserves. Thus, a land‐sharing strategy that incorporates the retention of forested riparian reserves may maintain the ecological integrity of fish communities in oil‐palm plantations. We urge policy makers and growers to make retention of riparian reserves in oil‐palm plantations standard practice, and we encourage palm‐oil purchasers to source only palm oil from plantations that employ this practice.     

建筑工人个体安全能力影响因素效用量化研究

为加强对工人不安全行为的管理,保障建筑施工安全,利用结构方程模型(SEM)建模方法研究建筑工人个体安全能力与影响因素间的效用关系。从个体特质和工作环境2方面进行分析,得到技能素质、心理状态、生理状态等16个影响因素。以工作环境的8个影响因素作为外源潜伏变量,其余8个影响因素作为内生潜伏变量,构建建筑工人个体安全能力SEM。利用问卷调查所得数据对模型进行拟合与修正,实现影响因素效用的客观量化。研究结果表明:建筑工人的个体安全能力主要取决于其技能素质;工作环境中,效用最大的因素是施工现场的安全资源配备;当前建筑行业的安全培训与安全文化建设工作还有待进一步开展。     

混凝土板墙加固后墙片与剪力墙性能的对比研究

首先通过3个墙片的水平低周反复伪动力试验,对比研究了混凝土板墙加固后墙片与剪力墙的承载力、耗能能力等各项抗震性能.由于试验条件的限制,试验仅对比研究了120 mm混凝土剪力墙与双面60 mm混凝土板墙加固后墙片的抗震性能.在试验基础上,利用有限元软件建立合理的计算模型,将计算结果与试验结果进行了对比分析;利用该计算模型...