Exploring the influence of outdoor recreation participation on pro-environmental behaviour in a demographically diverse population

This study used structural equation modelling to examine the effects of socio-demographic variables and outdoor recreation participation on pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) among an ethnically diverse population of adult state-park visitors near Atlanta, Georgia, USA (N?=?319). Data collected through intercept surveys at three state parks were used to examine interactions among potential predictors of PEB, including socio-demographics (ethnicity, gender, education, and income), outdoor recreation participation (during childhood and adulthood), and environmental value orientations (biocentric and anthropocentric). The best fitting model accounted for 40% of the variance in self-reported PEB and indicated the strongest positive relationship between adult outdoor recreation participation and PEB (β?=?0.54, t?=?5.70). Biocentric and anthropocentric value orientation scores were also significant antecedents of PEB (β?=?0.17, t?=?1.99, and β?=?0.19, t?=?2.56, respectively), and both were influenced by socio-demographic variables. Overall, results suggest that a diverse public's environmental ethos and propensity to engage in PEBs could be influenced by outdoor recreation opportunities.     

国外环境行为影响因素研究述评

基于心理性因素与内外因素相结合的视角对国外环境行为影响因素研究加以梳理,发现大多数研究认为环境行为是在自我约束和自我控制下做出的契合自身实际的选择,其对改善环境状况与提升环境质量有着积极正向作用,并将环境态度/环境关心视为关键变量,以揭示实施环境行为复杂的内在过程与心理机制;大多数研究采取问卷调查的方式收集某一时点的数据,借助结构方程模型等高级统计方法着重探究自我报告的一般意义或某类具体环境行为.其相对忽视了社会经济发展、文化变迁、制度政策变化、阶层分化、地区差异、信息分割等外在结构性因素对环境心理的可能塑造及其对环境行为的动态影响,进而提出在准确厘定环境行为内涵的基础上,针对社会群体成员或社区居民采用问卷调查、实验法、实地观察、深度访谈等多元研究方式长期追踪收集纵向数据或资料,以及将心理性因素与结构性因素结合起来探讨不同类别的环境行为,有助于突破既有研究的心理学局限与行为决定论桎梏,且切实反映环境行为的历时性变化与动态性影响.     

Structural Adjustment of Oasis Agriculture in Xinjiang

Abstract

Xinjiang's oasis agriculture has made enormous strides over past decades. Structural adjustment of oasis agriculture sector has promoted production diversification. Xinjiang's oasis agriculture sector is entering a new era. The era means more adjustments in oasis agricultural and rural economic structure so as to realize the sustainable development of agriculture. By summing and analyzing the main problems in Xinjinag's oasis agricultural structure, such as raising farmer's income, industry structure within agriculture, rural urbanization, pressure coming from market, agricultural environment degradation, puts forward the thinking, director and countermeasures to adjust oasis agricultural structure.     

A hybrid approach using AHP–TOPSIS–entropy methods for sustainable ranking of structural materials

Nowadays, many countries are looking towards sustainability as a goal because our world has limited resources and serious environmental impacts. In the construction industry, the process of sustainable selection of structural material is considered one of the keys to achieve more sustainable construction. In this paper, the theories of decision making are utilised to develop an approach for evaluation and ranking the structural materials over their total life based on sustainability criteria using multi-attribute decision-making methods. One of them is Analytical Hierarchy Process which is utilised to build the problem hierarchical structure and assign weights of the predetermined sustainable factors. The other is Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution which is utilised to rank the structural materials within both each material life cycle phase and the complete material life cycle phases. The third is the concept of entropy by Shannon to evaluate the weight factor for each phase of material life cycle. The proposed approach presents an objective, systematic and comprehensive method for the sustainable ranking of materials that links between the structural element design and the sustainable selection of materials.     

A CFD based explosion risk analysis methodology using time varying release rates in dispersion simulations

A full probabilistic Explosion Risk Analysis (ERA) is commonly used to establish overpressure exceedance curves for offshore facilities. This involves modelling a large number of gas dispersion and explosion scenarios. Capturing the time dependant build up and decay of a flammable gas cloud size along with its shape and location are important parameters that can govern the results of an ERA. Dispersion simulations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are generally carried out in detailed ERA studies to obtain these pieces of information. However, these dispersion simulations are typically modelled with constant release rates leading to steady state results. The basic assumption used here is that the flammable gas cloud build up rate from these constant release rate dispersion simulations would mimic the actual transient cloud build up rate from a time varying release rate. This assumption does not correctly capture the physical phenomena of transient gas releases and their subsequent dispersion and may lead to very conservative results. This in turn results in potential over design of facilities with implications on time, materials and cost of a project.In the current work, an ERA methodology is proposed that uses time varying release rates as an input in the CFD dispersion simulations to obtain the fully transient flammable gas cloud build-up and decay, while ensuring the total time required to perform the ERA study is also reduced. It was found that the proposed ERA methodology leads to improved accuracy in dispersion results, steeper overpressure exceedance curves and a significant reduction in the Design Accidental Load (DAL) values whilst still maintaining some conservatism and also reducing the total time required to perform an ERA study.     

基于结构方程模型的认知性VDT作业过程解析*

为实现通过过程控制和管理提高认知性视觉显示终端（VDT）作业人员可靠性和绩效的目标,应用结构方程模型（SEM）研究作业过程表征方法。构建认知性VDT作业的信息加工过程模型,抽取13个基本认知动素（CT）,提出CT概念结构模型假设,设计外显指标测试题项,运用问卷调查样本数据构建结构方程和测量方程;对测量数据与结构方程模型的拟合度进行分析,并训练BP神经网络模式识别模型对作业过程进行还原检验。结果表明:认知性VDT作业过程模型有效,元认知控制其他12个CT的结构关系成立,认知性VDT作业过程可由包括元认知在内的13个基本CT解析。     

Temporal and spatial patterns and driving factors of cultivated land change in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau北大核心CSCD

随着经济快速发展、城镇化进程加快以及人口基数不断增加,在城市用地不断向外扩张以及生态退耕措施的影响下,耕地面积呈逐年减小的趋势.这一现象加剧了农业发展与其他要素间的矛盾,对区域粮食安全也产生重要影响,因此,探讨耕地面积时空变化及其驱动机制对保障区域粮食安全具有现实意义.分析青藏高原地区1980年、1990年、2000年、2010年、2018年的耕地面积数据,结合户籍人口、地区生产总值(GDP)、粮食单产等统计年鉴资料解析影响其变化的主要驱动因子.结果表明:(1)青藏高原近40年耕地面积变化总体经历缓慢增加、显著增加和缓慢递减3个阶段,整个变化过程中耕地主要流失方向为林地和草地,分别占总流失面积的50.99%和32.02%,主要原因为退耕还林还草等政策的实施,其次为建设用地和水域增加.(2)耕地转为非耕地的地区主要集中在四川西部、云南西北部、青海东部,而耕地转入地区主要集中在青藏高原中部.以地市州来看,拉萨、海东、海西、阿坝、林芝等地区耕地面积变化特征以缓慢递增为主;西宁、黄南、甘孜、甘南等地区的耕地面积则呈缓慢递减的变化趋势.(3)主成分分析和结构方程模型结果显示影响耕地面积减少的主要驱动因素包括经济社会发展和粮食生产.其中经济和社会因素对耕地面积变化产生的影响为负值,社会因素产生的负影响最大,为-0.224,人口基数增长、建设用地扩张、土地利用转型要求以及二、三产业红利的吸引都会导致耕地面积减小.本研究揭示了青藏高原地区近40年耕地变化情况及流失方向,耕地面积波动主要受到经济社会因素以及政策因素的影响;上述结果可为今后国家粮食安全及当地生态环境可持续发展提供理论参考.(图7表8参45)     

青岛市生态环境质量动态变化研究简

以2011年Landsat TM遥感影像为基础数据源,利用遥感与GIS技术对青岛市生态环境状况进行了监测,依据《生态环境状况评价技术规范（试行）》（HJ/T 192-2006）对2000-2011年生态环境质量动态变化趋势进行了评价,在此基础上对地市级单位进行生态环境质量评价中存在的主要问题进行了分析。指出使用归一化系数评价不同区域同一时期的生态环境状况是有效的,但同一区域不同时期的同一指标却不具有可比性;地市级单位在应用规范的过程中发现,不能将“区”作为和“县”同级的评价单元; COD对环境的污染影响应与区域降水的总量负相关,在对COD负荷进行评价时,应考虑的是区域的降水总量。     

结构抗震设计中地震动参数选取的几个基本问题

以“小震”名义对设防烈度的折减与老规范用“结构系数”如何确定地震作用是抗震设计的重要环节。自1989版抗震设计规范引入分级超越概率后,同一设防烈度对应多值描述,给正确理解和应用带来困难。梳理了地震作用取值的发展沿革,展示了规范更新并未打破地震作用取值的连贯性,折减效果相当。作为案例应用,指出地震模拟实验中振动台对容纳其厂房的地震作用幅值上限是明确的,不存在超越概率问题。结合对实际震害的思考,指出抗震概念设计远比计算分析重要。     

溶磷微生物改性生物炭吸附重金属的机理研究

利用磷溶菌（PSB）对稻壳（RB）和污泥（SB）生物炭进行不同时间的改性,研究了其对水体中Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺（1000mg/L）的修复机制.主要通过测定改性生物炭的理化特性和重金属含量,并利用结构方程模型研究了微生物改性生物炭对重金属的吸附机理.结果表明,PSB显著改善生物炭的孔径结构、比表面积BET （增加了12.5%~175.0%）和表面官能团.特别是还增加了生物炭中C和P元素的释放,促进了生物炭表面的生物矿化机制.PSB改性显著提高了生物炭对Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附作用（RB提高：Pb²⁺=9.5%~34.5%,Cd²⁺=34.7%~219.9%,SB提高：Pb²⁺=65.3%~101.3%,Cd²⁺=106.6%~248.6%）.通过Pb和Cd的修复差异,发现不同重金属对微生物的胁迫是导致改性生物炭对重金属的修复反应路径相反的原因.此外,结构方程模型证实6~12h的PSB改性效果最好,且BET不是主要影响因素.不同的生物质炭改性后的修复机制也存在明显差异,孔径结构（R_max²=0.99）是改性RB的主要吸附途径,化学沉淀（R_max²=0.99）是改性SB的主要吸附途径.