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71.
在快速城市化流域,生产、生态和生活空间的布局深刻影响着流域的生态系统服务和居民福祉。但是,已有的空间布局研究大多未考虑生态系统服务在提升不同类型人群福祉中的作用,尤其缺乏对弱势群体福祉的关注。因此,以典型城市化流域——白洋淀流域为例,选择典型生态系统服务指标识别生活、生产和生态空间的高值重合地区,使用参与式制图方法将多种人群的福祉需求纳入主导功能识别中。结果发现:空间上重合的高值区总面积约占流域总面积的14.5%,主要为生产—生态功能重合区。不同利益群体对重合高值区主导功能的研判不同。一方面,城市居民比农村居民更加注重文化服务,前者提及文化服务的次数占比是后者的2倍;另一方面,政府决策者更多关注流域上游的生态功能,扶贫工作人员则更关注山区林地的生产功能。本文探索了将多种利益主体的偏好纳入区域空间布局优化的方法,可为流域“三生空间”和国土空间规划布局优化提供新的思路。 相似文献
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Effects of habitat and landscape fragmentation on humans and biodiversity in densely populated landscapes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Manuela Di Giulio Rolf Holderegger Silvia Tobias 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(10):2959-2968
Landscape fragmentation has often been seen as an only ecological problem. However, fragmentation also has a societal perspective, namely, in how humans perceive landscape fragmentation and in how landscape fragmentation potentially influences human well-being. These latter aspects have rarely been addressed so far. The inter-relationship of ecological and human dimensions of landscape fragmentation becomes especially evident when looking at the landscape where most people in industrial countries live, namely in suburban and urban areas. In these areas, landscape planners and environmental managers are confronted with the problem that landscapes should fullfil various functions, often with conflicting goals, e.g. nature reserves to enhance species richness vs. recreational areas for city-dwellers. We reviewed the ecological and sociological literature relevant for fragmentation in suburban and urban landscapes. In an interdisciplinary approach, we evaluated whether there are similarities and dissimilarities between the ecological and the human aspects of landscape fragmentation. We found important similarities. An example is that for both, humans and biodiversity, the loss of semi-natural areas has more drastic effects than the fragmentation of these areas per se. However, there are also relevant differences. We concluded that in densely populated landscapes a shift from responsive planning to an intentional design of environments is therefore needed. 相似文献
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Global sustainability policies, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or the Aichi Targets, aim to ensure sustainable development, including improved human well-being and the conservation of nature. Although not yet explicitly used to evaluate the progress towards sustainable development, the ecosystem service concept implies a direct link between biodiversity and human well-being. This study explores how and which ecosystem services are currently considered in the SDGs and the Aichi Targets. We also identify which information might be already available for monitoring the progress towards their goals by reviewing national ecosystem assessments. This allows the identification of the main knowledge gaps for monitoring progress towards these global sustainability targets.There is a wealth of information on all major ecosystem services categories which is directly relevant for the Aichi Targets and the SDGs. The top 25% most cited ecosystem services across both policy documents are: Natural heritage and diversity, Capture fisheries, Aquaculture, Water purification, Crops, Cultural heritage & diversity and Livestock. Most monitoring information recommended for the global sustainability goals, as well as in the information available from national assessments, is biased towards supply related aspects of ecosystem services flows. In contrast, there is much less information on social behaviour, use, demand and governance measures. Indicators are rarely available for all aspects of a specific ecosystem service.The national statistical bureaus currently in charge of providing observations for reporting on SDGs, could be well placed to address this bias, by integrating ecological observations with socio-economic statistics into socio-ecological indicators for ecosystem services flows. IPBES can potentially address the gaps identified in this paper by improving coverage of the different dimensions of ecosystem services flows. 相似文献
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室内空气品质评价方法的研究进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
介绍了国内外有关室内空气品质评价的研究现状,阐述了室内空气品质的主观评价法及其局限性,着重介绍了室内空气品质的客观评价方法。指出建立公正、权威的室内空气品质的评价方法是目前亟需解决的问题。 相似文献
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高焕芝 《防灾科技学院学报》2004,6(1):24-26
有限主观题考试自适应系统的开发和应用,是实现科学客观考试学生实际能力的又一突破,本文着重介绍了该系统的基本设计思想和实现方法,并且介绍了实现方法的创新点和系统的创新性。 相似文献
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Going beyond work and family: A longitudinal study on the role of leisure in the work–life interplay 下载免费PDF全文
Going beyond the relation of work and family, the present three‐wave longitudinal study spanning one year assessed different forms of conflict and facilitation between leisure and the life domains work and family and their relation to subjective well‐being. A sample of N = 277 employed men and women reported their perceived conflict and facilitation between leisure, work, and family and subjective well‐being. Results suggest that leisure is a source of facilitation for work and family, and, at the same time, a major recipient of conflict from work and family. Moreover, leisure conflict was negatively correlated and leisure facilitation was positively associated with concurrent subjective well‐being. Both conflict and facilitation between all three life domains remained highly stable over the course of one year. Only few and non‐systematic lagged effects were found, indicating that the variance of the stability of the constructs and their relations over time leave little room for longitudinal predictions. Taken together, the study demonstrates that, similar to work–family relations, conflict and facilitation with the leisure domain are also associated with subjective well‐being and remain highly stable over the course of a year in the lives of young and middle‐aged adults. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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千年生态系统评估项目(MA)的后续计划是在MA的基础上,拟于近期启动的一项将知识转化为行动的全球战略计划。该后续计划提出了通过阻止和扭转生态系统服务的下降趋势来改善人类福祉状况的愿景,其总目标是争取把生态系统服务要素融入到各级公共部门和私营机构的决策当中,使其成为决策制定过程不可或缺的重要组成部分。这一总目标包括4个阶段目标:① 深入研究生物多样性、生态系统功能以及生态系统服务和人类福祉之间的内在联系,建立与完善生态系统服务方面的知识库,并开发将生态系统服务要素融入到经济社会发展决策当中所必需的有效工具;② 加强决策者的能力建设,并通过他们把生态系统服务要素融入到公共部门和私营机构的各级决策当中;③ 制定基于各种行动计划的传媒策略和教育手段,充分地将MA的成果提交给决策者及有关各方,最大程度地发挥MA的影响;④ 谋划未来的全球生态系统评估,探讨开展第2次全球生态系统评估的需求、对策及有关机制。 相似文献