我国古建筑火灾扑救问题研究

古建筑是一个国家重要的历史文化遗产,具有无法估量的艺术价值和科学价值.但是近几年来,我国发生多起古建筑火灾,造成了巨大的损失.由于古建筑结构特殊,极易发生火灾,一旦发生火灾,又很难施救.本文以我国古建筑消防现状为入点,分析古建筑的火灾特点及火灾危险性,提出扑灭古建筑火灾合理的战斗方法及战斗原则,为消防部队灭火提供参考....     

铁岭市柴河水源供水工程对柴河水库功能影响研究

本文对供水工程实施后对水库功能的环境影响进行了分析,提出了相应的环境保护对策,对柴河水库水质的保护起到了一定的积极作用。     

黔江区供水水源地水质健康风险评价

以黔江区9个饮用水源地水质作为健康风险评价对象,选取2009年水质监测的部分资料,运用健康风险评价模型,对该地区9个饮用水源地经饮水途径造成的健康风险进行计算和评价.结果表明：饮用水源地健康风险主要来源于化学致癌物,其中以铬（六价）的风险值最大.     

环渤海地区海域空间资源使用和供给分析

从海域空间资源使用程度、结构和效益等方面,比较分析了环渤海地区的海域空间资源使用现状,并分析了环渤海地区的海域空间资源供给情况.根据分析结果,指出了环渤海地区的海域空间资源使用的比较优势,最后提出了环渤海地区海域空间资源使用和供给分析中有待解决的问题.     

Supply chain collaboration to achieve toxics use reduction

The use of lead poses significant hazardous occupational exposure to workers in the electronics industry, and also causes environmental challenges at the end of product life. For the past decade, there has been a global effort in the electronics industry to initiate a move towards using lead-free materials for the production of printed circuit boards. However, there are technical and economic challenges, such as long term reliability and rework capability, that remain to hinder the universal implementation of lead-free materials. As a result, many electronics products are still currently manufactured and assembled using materials containing lead.The costs for investigating and evaluating the various lead-free electronics materials and manufacturing processes can be cost prohibitive for an individual company to undertake alone. Consequently, the New England Lead-free Electronics Consortium was formed as a collaborative effort of New England companies spanning the electronics supply chain to help move the industry towards lead-free electronics. The Consortium is a working collaboration of industry, government, and academia. For the past several years, the Consortium has conducted research and testing for using various lead-free materials for the manufacture of printed circuit boards. The Consortium has been successful in identifying lead-free materials and processes to address the challenges of assembly and rework. The Consortium is currently conducting research to address the long-term reliability challenge of lead-free electronics.     

武汉城乡人群对农田生态补偿标准的意愿分析

应用意愿调查法模拟测算出武汉市城乡居民对于农田生态补偿标准的意愿.研究表明,化肥及农药施用量在分别减少50%、100%等不同限制强度下,农户愿意供给农田生态服务并接受补偿的人数比例在69.32%~85.25%,城镇居民需求农田生态服务并赞同政府提供补偿的比例在80.22%~85.16%.不同施用限制下,农户认为政府应提供3928.88~8367.00元/(hm2×a)的经济补偿,城镇居民愿意政府向农户提供3354.75~8016.9元/(hm2×a)的补偿.从模拟的农产品交易市场出发,农户愿意供给化肥、农药施用限制的农产品的人数比例在54.29%~82.12%,城镇居民愿意以较高的价格购买环境友好农产品的人数比例在71.98%~82.42%.以稻米为例,农户愿意高出普通稻米1.65~2.66元/kg的价格生产环境友好农产品,价格增幅42.52%~68.45%;城镇居民愿意以高出普通稻米0.78~1.82元/kg的价格购买农产品,高出普通稻米均价20.08%~46.92%.     

Bacterial community composition and abundance in leachate of semi-aerobic and anaerobic landfills

Different municipal solid waste landfill methods and landfill ages had crucial impacts on bacterial abundance and composition in leachate.     

2006年中国城市饮用水源突发污染事件统计及分析

统计分析了我国2006年1月1日至12月31日发生的城市饮用水源突发污染事件,以揭示2005年松花江污染和哈尔滨停水重大事件之后,中国城市水源突发污染事件发生的规律、危害、应急响应状况以及总体情况和变化趋势,检验近1年来中国城市水源突发污染事件应急机制的有效性和科学性.从发生日期、地点、污染物种类、事件简况、应急反应5个方面对75起突发污染事件的统计分析表明:1)2006年突发污染事件总体呈数量增多、危害增大的趋势;2)危险化学品和各类工业污水仍是主要污染物;3)交通事故、工厂泄漏事故和突然排污仍是主要风险源;4)41.3%的事件威胁到了城市供水系统安全运行,造成城市几小时或多天停水,带来严重的社会影响;5)92%的突发污染事件得到了应急响应,但应急时间远大于国家规定的1h,应急预案在快速性和有效性方面还需改进.     

A new photon kinetic-measure based on the kinetics of electron-hole pairs in photodegradation of textile wastewater using the UV-H2O2FS-TiO2 process

Actual textile wastewater and synthesized wastewater containing various textile dyes were photocatalytic degraded by the UVH2O2Fs-TiO2 process in an aimular-flow photocatalytic reactor. In this process, a photon kinetic-measure was adopted to obtain constant rates of dyes decomposition. It was theorized that, by illumination at different UV frequencies, the electrons within the semiconductor were excited from the valence band to the conduction band, yielding the formation of electron-hole pairs which are the pre-requisites for photocatalysis. CPT （critical photonic time） exposure required to cause 90% of vibrations between the double and single bonds along the molecular chain of the dyes to be oxidized, was taken to measure the photocatalytic activities. The CPTs varied with the frequencies of the UV spectral areas. The derivatization of CPT from the first-order kinetic law was presented.     

Integrated Modeling of Water Supply and Demand under Management Options and Climate Change Scenarios in Chifeng City,China

Water resource management is becoming increasingly challenging in northern China because of the rapid increase in water demand and decline in water supply due to climate change. We provide a case study demonstrating the importance of integrated watershed management in sustaining water resources in Chifeng City, northern China. We examine the consequences of various climate change scenarios and adaptive management options on water supply by integrating the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and Water Evaluation and Planning models. We show how integrated modeling is useful in projecting the likely effects of management options using limited information. Our study indicates that constructing more reservoirs can alleviate the current water shortage and groundwater depletion problems. However, this option is not necessarily the most effective measure to solve water supply problems; instead, improving irrigation efficiency and changing cropping structure may be more effective. Furthermore, measures to increase water supply have limited effects on water availability under a continuous drought and a dry‐and‐warm climate scenario. We conclude that the combined measure of reducing water demand and increasing supply is the most effective and practical solution for the water shortage problems in the study area.