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541.
太湖西岸河网沉积物中重金属污染特征及风险评价 总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1
为研究太湖西岸河网沉积物中重金属污染特征及风险,调查了丰-平-枯3个水期19个点位8种重金属的含量,结果表明,沉积物中重金属浓度顺序为ZnCrCuPbNiAsCdHg,其中Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni明显高于其环境背景值,除As外,其余7种重金属平水期含量高于丰水和枯水期.地累积指数(I_(geo))和潜在生态指数(RI)评价表明,研究区沉积物中Cd属于中等污染程度和中等生态风险,Cd对RI贡献率为35%,重金属生物毒性不利影响评价值(mP EC-Q)范围为0.12~0.76,平均值0.30,表明研究区发生生物毒性不利影响的可能性为15%~29%,工业与生活混合区点位S2从污染程度、生态风险、生物毒性不利影响和主成分评价的污染及风险均最大,表现出多种重金属的协同污染,这与其周围污染排放特征一致,为该区域河流沉积物中重金属污染控制提供依据. 相似文献
542.
湿地对环境污染起重要的缓冲作用,但岩溶区岩溶管道的存在会导致污染物沿高度发达的岩溶管道对地下环境产生威胁.因此,认识岩溶地貌环境中的污染物分布特征是污染物生态风险评估与防范的前提.以24种有机氯农药(OCPs)为研究对象,分析了桂林会仙湿地枯水期和丰水期水体和表层沉积物中OCPs的含量组成特征,解析其来源,并开展风险评价.结果表明,水体中ρ(OCPs)范围为3.17~92.50 ng ·L-1,沉积物中ω(OCPs)范围为1.16~219.52 ng ·g-1,呈现以六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)为主的污染特征,水中OCPs含量表现为丰水期高于枯水期,沉积物中OCPs含量枯水期高于丰水期.特征比值法表明OCPs主要为长时间降解残留,部分点位有林丹的新输入.基于蒙特卡洛模拟开展健康风险评价,结果表明,95%分位数水平上,水体中OCPs对人体致癌风险大于1×10-6,存在潜在健康风险但可接受;非致癌风险均低于1,说明研究区水体中OCPs残留水平不足以对人体造成非致癌风险. 相似文献
543.
Decomposition and phosphorus release from four di erent size fractions of
Microcystis spp. taken from Lake Taihu, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Decomposition of Microcystis is accompanied by the release of phosphorus, during bacteria play an important role. A series of
experiments were undertaken to evaluate the e ect of bacteria on the decomposition of Microcystis taken from Lake Taihu, China, a
lake that is su ering from dense Microcystis blooms. The 16 experiments involved four size fractions of colonial Microcystis with or
without the addition of lake sediment and Gram-negative bacterial inhibitor NaN3. The highest decomposition rates were recorded for
the smallest size Microcystis fraction (< 25 m) with the addition of the sediment. The lowest decomposition rates were recorded for
the smallest Microcystis fraction without the sediment, but with the addition of Gram-negative bacterial inhibitor NaN3. The higher
decomposition rates in the treatments with NaN3 and sediment suggest that Gram-positive bacteria in the sediment are important
for the decomposition process. Additionally, higher concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) in the treatments with NaN3
suggest that more phosphorus accumulates in the Gram-negative bacterial cells around the colony, which may be an important source
of phosphorus for Microcystis cells. In the no-sediment treatments, the ratios of TDP concentration to initial TP concentration were
64%–82%. The results of this experiment suggest that both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria play an important role in the
decomposition of Microcystis cells and the release of phosphorus from Microcystis colonies. 相似文献
544.
采用磷分级提取的方法研究苦草(Vallisneria natans)生长过程中根系分布与沉积物不同形态磷和总磷的变化过程.在实验开始后20、50、80 d,分别测定苦草根系在沉积物的分布及沉积物中各形态磷的垂直变化.结果表明,苦草根系在实验装置中垂直分布在0~14 cm区域内.平均每株苦草根系根数为58条,平均根长为5.86 cm.苦草根系生物量在沉积物深度0~3、4~6、7~10、11~14 cm分配的质量分数分别为45.99%、32.75%、16.03%、5.23%.沉积物中总磷(TP),NaOH提取磷(NaOH-P)和有机磷(OP)含量在苦草根系分布集中区域内显著降低(P<0.05).HCl提取磷(HCl-P)和无机磷(IP)的含量无显著差异(P>0.05). 相似文献
545.
Concentrations and chemical forms of potentially toxic metals in road-deposited sediments from different zones of Hangzhou, China 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The 25 road-deposited sediments were collected from five different land-use zones (industrial, residential, commercial, park, and countryside) in Hangzhou, China. The concentrations of metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in these samples were determined using the ICP-AES after digestion with the mixture of HNO3-HF-HCl (aqua regia), and chemically fractionated using the modified BCR (the European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure. The highest metal concentration level was detected in the sample from industrial zone and commercial zone having heavy traffic. While the lowest metal level was noted in the street dust sample from residential zone, park, and countryside zone. The mobility sequence based on the sum of the BCR sequential extraction stages was: Zn (80.28%), Pb (78.68%), Cd (77.66%) > Cu (73.34%) > Mn (67.92%) > Co (41.66%) > Ni (30.36%) > Cr (21.56%), Fe (20.86%). Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were applied to the data matrix to evaluate the analytical results and to identify the possible pollution sources of metals. Factor analysis showed that these areas were mainly contaminated by three sources, namely lithology, traffic, and industry. 相似文献
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S. Veerasingam R. Venkatachalapathy S. Sudhakar P. Raj V. Rajeswari 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(7):1129-1134
Eight mollusc species and sediment samples collected from three different stations along Tamilnadu coast, Bay of Bengal, India
were analysed for the levels of petroleum hydrocarbons to elucidate the status of the petroleum residues in mollusc meant for human
consumption. The concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments along Tamilnadu coast varied from 5.04–25.5 g/g dw (dry
weight). High concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the sediment of Uppanar estuary (25.5 1.45 g/g dw) was perhaps land
and marine based anthropogenic sources of this region. The petroleum hydrocarbon residues in eight mollusc species collected from
Uppanar, Vellar and Coleroon estuaries varied between 2.44–6.04 g/g ww (wet weight). Although the concentration of petroleum
hydrocarbons in sediment of the Uppanar region was markedly higher than the background, the petroleum hydrocarbon residues in
mollusc collected from Uppanar estuary did not suggest bioaccumulation. The results signified that industrial growth has affected the
aquatic environments and regular monitoring will help to adopt stringent pollution control measures for better management of the
aquatic region. 相似文献
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