城市可持续发展与城市政府职能

城市作为我国行政区划中重要单元和区域经济活动的中心,城市经济、社会发展直接关系着全国的发展水平,城市可持续发展在我国可持续发展中占有重要的地位。城市政府是推动城市可持续发展的首位力量。本文分析了城市可持续发展面临的主要问题,阐述了城市政府五大主要职能,探讨了城市可持续发展与城市经济社会职能的关系。     

关于建立我国资源节约型经济体系的认识

从可持续发展角度看,我国资源节约型经济体系机制应在坚持集约经济和适应消费的基础上,强调社会生产与消费两者间的平衡和协调发展,欲达此目的,加快市场经济体系的完善和国家宏观指导是保障这一体系机制正常运转的根本条件。     

和谐：可持续发展观的灵魂

本文通过经济基础和上层建筑的关系说明进行环境文化建设的重要性,辨析了不同的环境价值观念和伦理道德,提出人与环境相融和谐的意识是可持续发展观的灵魂     

我国可持续能源系统发展的途径探讨

本文从大规模发展风能所要解决的问题入手,通过借鉴石油和天然气的经验,提出了以租赁方式发展风能的设想,并对我国利用租赁方式发展风能所要解决的问题进行了讨论。     

Farm animal welfare policymaking in the European Parliament – a social identity perspective on voting behaviour

ABSTRACT

Sustainable agriculture implies trade-offs with farm animal welfare. Proposals to increase agricultural productivity and ecological sustainability alike, are often linked to intensification, which may restrict animal welfare. Despite the growing importance of farm animal welfare for the alignment of agricultural and environmental policy, determinants of decision-making at the EU level remain unexplored. This article contributes to closing this research gap, broadening our understanding of why policymakers vote for the enactment of animal welfare policies. Applying the Social Identities in the Policy Process (SIPP) perspective we highlight the role of group membership for individual decision-making. By means of a quantitative analysis of voting behaviour in the European Parliament on two animal welfare policies, we show that different identities are salient. The strongest predictor is political group membership. In case of defections from the group line, the salience of national, sectoral and also demographic identities adds to the understanding of decision-making.     

地质灾害对区域可持续发展影响指标体系与评价方法的初步探索

就地质灾害对区域社会经济可持续发展影响评价的指标体系与方法进行了探索,提出了建立指标体系的基本原则、框架和评价方法,并以省（市、自治区）为单元,对中国地质灾害对社会经济可持续发展的影响程度进行了试验性评价。     

Management provoked conflict in fisheries

Fishery management concepts incorporate a number of value judgements about what social goals are right for a fishery. These value judgements result in optimizing some goals over others. Since the public, fishermen, and consumers weight goals differently than managers, frustration and conflict result. The correspondence between social goals specified by the public and those inherent in management concepts needs to be evaluated.     

IMPACT OF THERMAL STANDARDS ON POWER PLANT WATER CONSUMPTION1

Power plant water consumption (evaporative water loss) for various river temperature standards is presented for existing and proposed power plants located along the Missouri and Upper Mississippi Rivers in the MAPP geographical area. Thermodynamic and economic models are combined to evaluate the cooling related water consumption at various river thermal standards. The existing thermal standards and a number of other hypothetical thermal regulations including the extreme cases of no thermal standards and no allowable heated discharges are examined to show the dependence on thermal standards of power production related water consumption. A critical appraisal of the cost of thermal standards in terms of water consumption is thereby possible so that subjective assessments of the standards can proceed with full knowledge of the tradeoffs involved between the “water costs” of power production and environmental enhancement.     

DETERMINISTIC MODELS FOR PREDICTING RESIDENTIAL WATER CONSUMPTION1

ABSTRACT: Forecasts of future urban water demand traditionally have been made by the projection of historic trends in per capita consumption and population. This paper outlines the use of two deterministic models to forecast the residential component of urban water demand. The models incorporate specific representation of the activities which result in water consumption at each residence. Predictions of water use can then be made by modeling the changes expected in the number of these activities and the consumption for each such activity.     

ECONOMIES ASSOCIATED WITH SIZE OF WATER UTILITIES AND COMMUNITIES SERVED IN NEW HAMPSHIRE AND NEW ENGLAND1

ABSTRACT. This study investigates economies associated with size of New England water utilities. Regression analysis techniques were applied to annual water cost and production data reported in the American Directory of Water Utilities (1968-1969). Modest economies of size in the production of water were found. Because in large communities more water is used per person, total cost increases at a slightly faster rate than population increases, but per unit costs of producing water decline. Substantial economies occurred when the number of customers was held constant and volume of water per customer increased. This study indicates possible economies when two or more of the many very small utilities combine activities to form a larger unit and by encouraging present customers to use more water.