Community Exchange and Training in the Suid Bokkeveld: A UNCCD Pilot Project to Enhance Livelihoods and Natural Resource Management

Community knowledge exchanges have played a key role in developmental processes in the Suid Bokkeveld community of South Africa. Two exchange visits were undertaken with the support of the Department of Agriculture and an NGO, the Environmental Monitoring Group, which have led to local economic development and enhanced capacity to manage natural resources in a sustainable manner. These pilot projects were undertaken within the framework of the Community Exchange and Training Programme of the Global Mechanism of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). The methodology applied included facilitation to develop a community-based vision for development, in terms of which the community exchange process was designed. A Facilitation Team of service providers conducted preparatory workshops, and identified potential partner communities. Two exchange visits were carried out, one focused on Rooibos production and marketing, and the other on community-based eco-tourism. Following report-back and planning workshops, emerging community-driven initiatives were supported through their formative stages. The initiatives have not only resulted in enhanced livelihoods, but the methodology has also been applied widely in a number of different contexts.     

Monitoring Sustainable Forest Management in Different Jurisdictions

The concept of sustainable forest management (SFM) requires forest resource managers to monitor and collect information pertaining to their environmental, economic and social impact. There are increasing expectations from a variety of publics (government, customers, and other stakeholders) that forests be demonstrably well-managed, creating incentives for forest managers to design credible systems for assessing their management performance. It is against this background that local, national and international approaches to regulating forest practices have been evolving. This article reviews the different dimensions of governance as they relate to monitoring and information reporting in the forest sector. Specifically, it discusses the changing role of sovereignty, the effects of globalization and the emergence of civil society stakeholders in forestry-related decision-making. Concepts such as sovereignty and globalization have important implications for monitoring forest practices and for defining SFM. Whether SFM standard creation and enforcement involves a sovereign, shared-sovereignty or civil society approach will affect the level and nature of SFM monitoring. As a result, we need to better consider the concept of monitoring appropriate to the scale and intensity of operations, how monitoring and information reporting standards differ between jurisdictions, and what this means for independently verifying SFM at an inter-jurisdictional level.     

玉溪市中心城区土地利用布局及其优化研究

本文系统分析了玉溪市中心城区土地利用强度、土地利用效率、土地利用结构的现状 ,研究了玉溪市中心城区土地利用优化对策 ,探索在城市总体布局中 ,如何充分利用地形特点 ,从可持续发展的角度出发 ,创造舒适宜人的城市生态环境空间。     

额济纳绿洲生物多样性保护与可持续发展对策研究

本文论述了额济纳绿洲生物多样性的基本内涵与保护价值，提出保护绿洲生物多样性的措施及策略。     

全球能源消费与CO2排放量

在收集全球能源储量和流通状况的基础上，综述了世界各地区能源消费量和各国人均能源水平，汇总了全球ＣＯ２排放总量及各大洲对全球ＣＯ２排放量的贡献率，到２１００年，全球Ｃ矿量预计将从目前６０亿ｔ／ａ增加到３６０亿ｔ／ａ，同时，旨出１９９６年中世界人口１８．８％的北美、欧洲、日本、ＣＯ２排放３１．６亿ｔ（碳），占全球当年ＣＯ２排放总量的５２．４％。     

持续农业的新发展--生态农村的建设

本文分析了现今农村影响农业持续发展的因素 ,提高建立高产优质高效生产体系以及提高资源利用率的技术措施和优化物质循环转化环节等三项生态村建设的必备条件与对策。阐述了全村总体型和家庭生态型二种建设模式的基本原理与设计原则 ,并详细介绍了城郊型生态村 ,山区型生态村 ,庭院型生态村模式。     

China''s energy, environment and policy perspective

Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｈｕｇｅｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｒａｐｉｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｇｒｏｗｔｈ ,Ｃｈｉｎａｂｅｃａｍｅｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ’ｓｓｅｃｏｎｄｌａｒｇｅｒｃｏｎｓｕｍｅｒｏｆｅｎｅｒｇｙ .Ｃｏａｌｄｏｍｉｎａｔｅｓｔｈｅｐｒｉｍａｒｙｅｎｅｒｇｙｕｓｅｄ ,ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄｂｙｏｉｌ,ｐｒｉｍａｒｙｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｉｔｙａｎｄｎａｔｕｒａｌｇａｓ.Ｗｈａｔｓｔｒａｔｅｇｉｅｓａｎｄ ｐｏｌｉｃｉｅｓａｄｏｐｔｅｄｂｙＣｈｉｎａｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅｗｉｌｌｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｈａｖｅｉｍｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｔ…     

从可持续发展看地区环境经济核算的必要性

可持续发展这一概念的出现 ,标志着人类对自然资源利用的短期行为和意识正被维护环境的长期概念所取代。在这一概念的内涵中 ,加以维护并长期保持完好的环境不仅是实现自然环境平衡的需要 ,也是自然资源能够持续地应用于人类的保证。环境经济核算就是以货币化的方法揭示自然资源及环境与经济的特定关系 ,并为可持续发展的综合测度提供基本的数据依据。     

珠江口水环境可持续发展的探讨

大量悬浮物的输入、水质污染和咸水入侵 ,严重威胁珠江口水环境的可持续发展。在信息革命技术支持下 ,应该根据珠江口的环境现状 ,充分利用先进的生产技术和管理方法 ,通过建立和完善珠江口海洋环境立体监测系统 ,加强环境的先期审查工作 ,建立有效的环境管理体制 ,将市场、政府和个人结合在一起 ,制订出可行的发展战略 ,以实现珠江口水环境的可持续发展     

城市小区分散式生态污水处理

针对目前我国城市集中式污水处理方法的弊端，提出将小型人工湿地运用于城市小区的污水处理，形成分散式生态污水处理系统，实现环境目标与经济效益的结合。