The application of life cycle assessment to design

This paper explores the practical application of life cycle assessment (LCA) to product system development. While life cycle assessment methods have been studied and demonstrated extensively over the last two decades, their application to product design and development has not been critically addressed. Many organizational and operational factors limit the integration of the three LCA components (inventory analysis, impact assessment and improvement assessment) with product development. Design of the product system can be considered a synthesis of individual decisions and choices made by the design team, which ultimately shape the system's environmental profile. The environmental goal of life cycle design is to minimize the aggregate environmental impacts associated with the product system. Appropriate environmental information must be supplied to decision makers throughout each stage of the development process to achieve this goal. LCA can serve as a source of this information, but informational requirements can vary as the design moves from its conceptual phase, where many design choices are possible, to its detailed design and implementation. Streamlined approaches and other tools, such as design checklists, are essential. The practical use of this tool in product development also depends on the nature and complexity of the product system (e.g. new vs. established), the product development cycle (time-to-market constraints), availability of technical and financial resources, and the design approach (integrated vs. serial). These factors will influence the role and scope of LCA in product development. Effective communication and evaluation of environmental information and the integration of this information with cost, performance, cultural and legal criteria will also be critical to the success of design initiatives based on the life cycle framework. An overview of several of these design initiatives will be presented.     

浅谈沈阳市在可持续发展方面存在的问题及对策

提出了沈阳市在可持续发展方面存在的一些问题，针对性地提出搞好环境保护是实施可持续发展的关键，并论证了应当采取的对策．     

不可再生资源利用率度量指标研究

通过分析指出不可再生资源利用率是度量可持续发展的一个重要尺度。从产值与不可再生资源消耗相比较的角度出发 ,设置了不可再生资源利用率的度量指标 :单位工业增加值不可再生资源消耗 ,并以中国为例 ,分别以重量与能值为尺度 ,计算以上所设置指标的指标值 ,并对计算结果进行分析与思考。     

地震灾害与地震预报——写在邢台地震40周年之际

本文分析了我国的地震灾害，阐述了近代地震灾害的特点和发展趋势，指出地震预报既是强烈的社会需求，也是全球性的科学难题，最后较为全面地介绍了我国地震预报的主要进展。     

浅议可持续发展政策下环境问题的制度根源

文章从制度改变环境的角度指出,环境问题的主要根源在于制度的失败,即政府在制定和执行可持续发展政策中存在着不足之处.因此,环境问题的出路有赖于在可持续发展思想的指导下实行强制性制度变迁,并完善相关的制度,在可持续发展思想的指导下进行制度创新,构建绿色市场机制与可持续的政府政策.     

加强城市灾害应急管理能力建设确保城市的可持续发展

本文通过对我国城市化与经济发展的关系,分析了我国城市面临的灾害形势及城市应急管理中存在的问题,提出了加强城市应急能力建设的途径,可供国内各大中城市参考和借鉴.     

浅淡西部地区可持续发展中的污水处理问题

西部地区水污染问题已经成为制约西部可持续发展因素之一.从环保意识、工艺适合性、资金的投入、经营体制、立法政策等5个方面分析了西部地区在污水处理上存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策和建议.     

城市型生态社区可持续发展评价指标体系的初步研究

近年来,城市化发展带动了社区建设的蒸蒸日上,同时也带来了环境资源的快速消耗及一系列的环境污染问题,生态社区的建设受到人们的广泛关注,可持续发展的理念已经渗透到人类社区建设发展的各个方面.通过对城市型生态社区内涵的分析,探讨了城市型生态社区可持续发展评价指标体系的构建原则,在该原则指导下结合苏州市区域特征采用层次分析法建立了与之相应的评价指标体系,并在该基础上以指标体系中的生态建筑子系统为例对其做出详细的指标说明.     

西部大开发与内河水运可持续发展浅析

结合国家西部大开发的发展战略和西部生态环境特点，分析了西部内河水运可持续发展问题的特点，从建立健全环境管理体系、开展系统性的科研与教育工作、建立完善法规和标准体系等几个方面浅析了建立和完善内河水运可持续发展体系的必要性和关键内容。     

大理生态旅游资源开发的思考与探析

生态旅游是一种符合可持续发展的旅游形式，可持续发展旅游业不仅保护环境，保护旅游资源，还为旅游业的后续开发提供条件。分析了大理生态旅游的现状及其存在的问题，提出了相应的对策措施。