三江源区生态资源非使用价值评价

采用权变评价法评估了青海三江源区生态资源的非使用价值,并分析了其影响因素.结果表明,三江源区生态资源的非使用价值为453.06亿元/年,其中存在价值为236.36亿元/年,遗产价值为125.91亿元/年,选择价值为90.79亿元/年,人均支付意愿为76.30元/年.Logit模型和Tobit模型分析表明,对该区的了解程度、关注程度、重视程度、年龄、个人收入、教育程度等因素均影响其非使用价值评价.     

Recovery of solid fuel from municipal solid waste by hydrothermal treatment using subcritical water

Hydrothermal treatments using subcritical water (HTSW) such as that at 234 °C and 3 MPa (LT condition) and 295 °C and 8 MPa (HT condition) were investigated to recover solid fuel from municipal solid waste (MSW). Printing paper, dog food (DF), wooden chopsticks, and mixed plastic film and sheets of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene were prepared as model MSW components, in which polyvinylchloride (PVC) powder and sodium chloride were used to simulate Cl sources.While more than 75% of carbon in paper, DF, and wood was recovered as char under both LT and HT conditions, plastics did not degrade under either LT or HT conditions. The heating value (HV) of obtained char was 13,886-27,544 kJ/kg and was comparable to that of brown coal and lignite. Higher formation of fixed carbon and greater oxygen dissociation during HTSW were thought to improve the HV of char.Cl atoms added as PVC powder and sodium chloride to raw material remained in char after HTSW. However, most Cl originating from PVC was found to converse into soluble Cl compounds during HTSW under the HT condition and could be removed by washing.From these results, the merit of HTSW as a method of recovering solid fuel from MSW is considered to produce char with minimal carbon loss without a drying process prior to HTSW. In addition, Cl originating from PVC decomposes into soluble Cl compound under the HT condition. The combination of HTSW under the HT condition and char washing might improve the quality of char as alternative fuel.     

构建“水-煤-碳”体系 优化煤化工发展

分析了煤化工行业发展的现状及趋势,提出我国现代煤化工发展瓶颈主要是产业发展存在技术风险、产业发展与资源环境的矛盾突出及面临碳减排压力,并提出通过合理构建"水-煤-碳"三大约束指标体系,引导煤化工实现有序发展。     

可持续发展理论研究的进展

本文通过大量的文献分析,探讨了可持续发展理论研究的进展,包括可持续发展的定义、可持续发展战略以及可持续发展的理论内涵。     

The design and implementation of sustainable plant diversity conservation program for alpine meadows and pastures

The paper describes the design and implementation of a plant biodiversity conservation program that was developed under funding and time constraints for diverse ecological, social, and institutional environments. The biodiversity program for alpine meadows and pastures located in the Swiss Canton of the Grisons is used as an example. The design of the sustainable program relied on existing legislation, accounted for limited ecological knowledge and expertise, and considered biodiversity as a common-pool resource. The trend to intensified cultivation of restricted areas required fast action, while the sustainability of the program design had to take into account institutional diversity. Fifteen habitats and plant communities worth conserving were known, and 57 plant species were identified as indicator species for establishing an inventory and for monitoring purposes. A small subset of 16 well known plant species was presented to the farming communities. They were invited to notify the areas in which they observed the presence of these plants. In different regions of the Canton a total number of 39 paraecologists were trained to inspect the areas notified by farmers and to recommend possible incorporation into the Cantonal inventory. This was done once the farmers signed a contract in which they agreed to follow adequate management practices. The farmers received subsidies to compensate for their losses. Communal authorities controlled the fertilizer input and cutting dates, while the paraecologists were trained to monitor plant biodiversity. The program started in 1992 and the initial phase of the inventory was terminated in 1996. At the beginning of 1996, an inventory of 2617.19 ha, most of which are meadows, was taken and managed according to the rules specified in the contract. The program was considered successful because (i) of the size of the area in the inventory, (ii) about 30%of the farmers participated, and (iii) farmers started cultivating previously abandoned farmland.     

构建适应保护资源的政策法律新框架

本文分析了我国资源保护的特殊要求;认为我国进入了强化资源保护阶段,资源保护立法必须适应这个阶段;在此基础上,提出了我国资源保护政策法律新体制的基本构想和建议。     

经济战略研究与可持续发展的若干思考

本文分析了战略研究演化的轨迹,揭示了可持续发展的深刻内涵,指出了21世纪我国可持续发展面临的机遇。     

学习邓小平理论 实施可持续发展战略

邓小平同志关于发展的理论中,包含了丰富的具有中国特色的可持续发展思想,以江泽民同志为核心的第三代领导集体,丰富和发展着邓小平理论。深入学习邓小平理论,对我国实施可持续发展战略,有重要的意义。     

西部大开发中一些战略问题的思考

本文运用可持续发展的思想和基本理论,对西部大开发中具有战略意义的发展目标、发展模式、发展手段等问题进行了深层次的分析,指出西部大开发必须贯彻可持续发展战略,加快小城镇建设是西部大开发的主要切入点。     

可持续发展与产业结构优化

可持续发展要求产业结构合理化、高度化、形成能够发挥资源禀赋比较优势的产业结构和发展环保产业,但是我国目前存在产业结构不合理、重复建设严重、地区产业结构趋同、产业技术水平低、第三产业发展不足、高新技术产业和环保产业发展滞后等情况,极不利于社会经济的可持续发展。为了真正的实现可持续发展,必须努力调整产业结构,淘汰落后过剩的生产能力,促进产业结构升级,大力发展第三产业、环保产业和高新技术产业。