强化水旋澄清池技术处理黄河高浊度水的试验研究

由于兰州段夏季黄河水的浊度较高,直接影响了自来水厂的正常运行,而目前水厂所用工艺无法满足高浊度水的处理要求,因此,采用自主研究开发的具有特殊结构的水旋澄清池对黄河高浊度水进行了强化处理的试验研究.研究结果表明:在多点投药混合方式下,强化水旋澄清池可提高浊度的处理效果;若在投加无机絮凝剂PAC后,再投加有机絮凝剂PAM进行复配作用,不仅可降低无机絮凝剂的用量,节约制水成本,而且提高了自来水厂的出水水质;结果也表明该水旋澄清池技术能够推广应用于黄河高浊度水的强化处理工艺中.     

不确定性水质模型及其研究进展

水环境是一个充满不确定性因素的复杂巨系统,研究这些不确定性的变化有利于提高人们对水环境分析的认识和做出更切合实际的决策.详细、清晰地评述了不确定性水质模型研究的必要性、研究的方法和国内外研究进展等,并针对此类模型研究与应用过程中普遍存在的一些问题、主要表现和成因进行了分析与论述,最后结合目前的研究热点指出了今后不确定性水质模型发展的3个重要方向.     

集镇污水处理厂CAST工艺调试实验

进行了集镇污水处理厂CAST工艺调试实验研究,实际调控结果表明,采用控制温度、溶解氧、沉降比、污泥指数、生物相的变化,运行周期4.5h,沉降比35%,污泥龄15d,生物区溶解氧31mg/L,实现生物菌种培养与驯化最佳条件,污泥浓度可达到2000mg/L,生物相基本稳定,处理效果显著,出水各项指标达标。     

温度对填埋有机垃圾厌氧降解影响实验研究

针对现有研究温度设置较少的现状,提出通过5个不同温度的设置来模拟温度对填埋有机垃圾厌氧降解的影响。结果表明,温度控制在41℃和45℃的模拟垃圾柱C4和C5,在实验进行到140d,渗滤液COD浓度分别由最大值86614mg/L和90000mg/L降低到5216.5mg/L和5413.4mg/L,渗滤液中COD浓度分别降低了93.98%和93.99%,同时垃圾柱C4产生的填埋气体中甲烷含量最高且稳定,从而显示了实施温度控制对渗滤液污染防治和填埋气体回收利用的强大优势。该项研究为加速厌氧填埋场中垃圾的稳定化进程提供了参考。     

玻璃幕墙光污染特征研究

根据日照理论和空间几何理论,对玻璃幕墙光污染特征进行计算分析。结果表明,南向玻璃幕墙光污染发生在冬至和春秋分,冬至以中等污染为主,上下午持续时间长;春秋分以轻微污染等级为主,上下午持续时间短;北向玻璃幕墙全年无光污染;其他朝向玻璃幕墙光污染全年均有,冬至主要在南至东的朝向,春秋分在南至东北朝向,夏至除南北朝向外所有朝向;光污染持续时间受朝向影响,冬至大,春秋分和夏至小。光污染影响区域大小、位置随朝向变化,冬至剧烈,春秋分和夏季缓和且稳定。     

珠江口海域污染及其研究趋势

珠江口海域陆源污染物逐年增加,海洋环境污染问题越来越严重,珠江口已成为我国近岸污染最严重的海域之一,污染正在成为制约该地区经济发展的负面因素.为有效开展珠江口海域综合整治,实现珠江三角洲区域经济的可持续发展,作者从珠江口海域的实际情况出发,就如何解决向海洋排污和防止海域污染的问题、该海域当前应当首先确定的环境保护科学优先研究领域和应该重点关注的问题等进行了深入研究和探讨.     

Photolysis of oxyfluorfen in aqueous methanol

Photolysis of oxyfluorfen, an herbicide of the nitrodiphenyl ether class, was studied in aqueous methanol under UV and sunlight. UV irradiation was carried out in a borosilicate glass photoreactor (containing 250 ppm oxyfluorfen in 50% aqueous methanol) equipped with a quartz filter and 125 watt mercury lamp (maximum output 254 nm) at 25 ± 1°C. Sunlight irradiation was conducted at 28 ± 1°C in borosilicate Erlenmeyer flasks containing 250 ppm oxyfluorfen in 50% aqueous methanol. The samples from both the irradiated conditions were withdrawn at a definite time interval and extracted to measure oxyfluorfen content by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector for rate study. The half-life values were 20 hours and 2.7 days under UV and sunlight exposure, respectively. Photolysis of oxyfluorfen yielded 13 photoproducts of which three were characterized by infrared spectrophotometer and ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The rest of the photoproducts were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). An ionization potential 70 eV was used for electron impact-mass spectrometry (EI-MS) and methane was used as reagent gas for chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (CI-MS). Two of the photoproducts were also synthesized for comparison. The main phototransformation pathways of oxyfluorfen involved nitro reduction, dechlorination, and hydrolysis as well as nucleophiles displacement reaction.     

Metolachlor persistence in laboratory and field soils under Indian tropical conditions

Abstract

Metolachlor [2‐chloro‐N‐(2‐methoxy‐1‐methylethyl)‐2'‐ethyl‐6'‐methyl acetanilide] dissipation under both field and laboratory conditions were studied during summer season in an Indian soil. Metolachlor was found to have moderate persistence with a half‐life of 27 days in field. The herbicide got leached down to 15–30 cm soil layer and residues were found up to harvest day of the sunflower crop in both 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm soil layers. Metolachlor was found to be more persistent in laboratory studies conducted for 190 days. The rate of degradation was faster in soil under flooded partial anaerobic conditions as compared to aerobic soil with a half‐life of 44.3 days. In aerobic soil, metolachlor was very stable with only 49% dissipation in 130 days. Residues remained in both the soils up to the end of the experimental period of 190 days.     

多元统计分析对再生水河流水质特征分析

对以再生水为补给水源的通惠河进行水质监测,采用模糊综合评价的方法总体评价了通惠河的水质状况,综合评价结果表明,高碑店污水处理厂处理排放人河道的水质达到Ⅱ类水平,对通惠河的污染起到了一定的缓解作用。引入多元统计分析的方法：（1）空间聚类模型将通惠河水质类型分为两类,并具体分析了两种类型的水质18个参数的差别。分析发现第1类水体的主要污染物为硝态氮、亚硝态氮引起的氮污染、磷污染等工业污染,而第2类水体的污染主要以生活污水带来的有机污染为主。（2）运用因子分析解析通惠河的污染来源——主要来源于点源排放的污水产生的氨氮、硝态氮和有机污染。为保持再生水水质,需要对水质差的污染区设立重点监测点并控制偷排现象。     

地热能融雪技术研究

北方冬季漫长,冰冻时期长,雪量大,导致清雪工作艰难。由于清雪工作不及时导致的交通事故多,严重影响交通运输和危及他人生命安全。利用Fluent对地热能融雪过程进行数值模拟,得出路面积雪的温度场及相界面的融雪规律,并针对散热管管径的大小、散热管埋设的间距和深度进行对比研究,为地热能融雪技术路面设计提供参考。