Mounting Tensions: Materializing Strategies and Tactics on National Park “Social Trails”

This essay builds from Samantha Senda-Cook's 2013 article, “Materializing Tensions,” to explore the material rhetorics of the so-called “social trails” of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. These improvised, foot-worn pathways, diverging from and running alongside official Park Service trails, materialize a tension between what Michel de Certeau termed “strategies” and “tactics,” revealing how both are always at play in park and preserve trailspace and how the movements of the individual trail walker actualize and perpetuate a common concept of place. The study demonstrates and advocates close rhetorical attention to material aspects of the biophysical environment and the way that physical traces of many individuals over time can influence the subsequent actions and interpretations of others. The final discussion argues that as further tensions in trailspace rhetorics are identified rhetorical analysis must not fail to account for them.     

邓小平发展思想论纲

邓小平发展思想是邓小平理论的核心内容,是建设中国特色社会主义的代数学.邓小平始终立足于中国历史向世界历史转变的坐标,坚持马克思主义唯物史观不动摇,结合中国实际、中国问题,围绕脱胎于半殖民地半封建社会的中国社会主义如何从落后状态向进步状态演化,如何从不发达阶段(初级阶段)向发达阶段转变,”建设有中国特色的社会主义”和实现”中国式的现代化”问题,提出了四个相辅相成的发展战略和实施战略的一系列环环相扣的发展策略.发展战略和发展策略共同构建了一个具有内在统一的、纵横相交兼具宏观与微观的立体式发展思想体系,即邓小平发展思想,它的外延涉及到政治、经济、文化、社会、教育、科技、农林、旅游、环保等方面.以江泽民和胡锦涛为总书记的中央领导集体秉承着邓小平发展思想,并根据不断变化的世情、国情和党情与时俱进地对其进行了发展、创新与丰富,相继提出了”三个代表”重要思想与科学发展观.     

道路景观生态安全研究

基于道路景观对生态环境的5方面影响,即对生物及生境的影响、对环境的物理影响、对环境的次生影响、对大尺度景观的影响及综合影响,提出保障道路景观生态安全的策略,主要应从道路及其网络规划设计和建设、交通政策、法规的制定与执行、生态工程措施、道路的使用与管理等几个方面加以考虑。笔者认为,要减少和缓解道路对生态环境的影响,环境影响评价是基础、生态道路及其网络建设措施和有效使用管理是手段、制定相关法律法规是依据;同时指出,我国未来应以高速公路的开发建设为契机,在实践中应用并促进道路景观生态安全的研究,带动中国道路建设事业的和谐发展。     

Population frequencies of alternative male phenotypes in tree lizards: geographic variation and common-garden rearing studies

Tree lizards (Urosaurus ornatus) vary in throat fan (dewlap) color. Earlier, we described five dewlap types (Orange, Orange-Blue, Yellow, Yellow-Blue, and Blue), and reported that only males had blue in the dewlap and that presence or absence of a discrete blue patch was correlated with male alternative reproductive phenotypes in a central Arizona population. Here, with a modified scheme characterizing two dewlap elements, background color (orange, yellow, blue) and blue patch occurrence, we assessed: (1) sexual, annual, and geographic variation in the frequencies of dewlap elements; (2) simple habitat correlates; and (3) the effects of laboratory rearing regime on dewlap type. Within a population, frequencies of males and females expressing orange or yellow backgrounds did not differ, suggesting that control of background is similar in the sexes. Within several populations, frequencies of the dewlap elements did not differ across years (and probably generations), indicating that phenotype frequencies are relatively stable. Among five populations frequencies of background colors varied, as did frequencies of male types (blue patch present or absent). Dewlap frequencies did not correlate with habitat (boulders or mesquite trees), although few populations were sampled. In male and female offspring reared from eggs to sexual maturity in a common-garden laboratory study, background color frequencies in both sexes and blue patch frequencies in males differed among offspring from different populations. Offspring frequencies matched respective parental population frequencies. Results suggest that among-population variation in frequencies of the two dewlap elements are mediated by differences in genetics, in maternal effects, or both. Thus, differences in male behavior functionally linked to the blue patch also may be controlled by genetic or maternal effects. Received: 17 January 1997 / Accepted after revision: 30 August 1997     

Male competition in Cardiocondyla ants

The two types of males in the ant genus Cardiocondyla differ remarkably in morphology and behavior. Ergatoid males are wingless fighters whose spermatogenesis continues throughout their entire adult lives and which therefore have an “unlimited” sperm supply. They attempt to kill all eclosing ergatoid rivals and thus to increase their share in copulations with the virgin queens reared in their nests. Winged males, on the other hand, are docile and emigrate from the nests a few days after eclosion, probably to mate with queens from other colonies. By this time, their testes have fully degenerated and all sperm is stored in the seminal vesicles. Before emigration, winged males may mate with virgin queens in their maternal nests, but they are nevertheless rarely attacked by ergatoid males. In the laboratory, the life expectancy of ergatoid males is only slightly higher than that of winged males, but because of the emigration of the latter the difference is likely to be more pronounced in the field. Both male morphs are capable of inseminating more than 35 virgin queens. However, winged males older than 14 days mate less often than ergatoid males of similar age, probably due to sperm depletion in later life. The spermathecae of queens inseminated by ergatoid males contained significantly more sperm than those of queens which mated with winged males. We discuss the evolution of intranidal mating and male polymorphism in ants. Received: 8 August 1997 / Accepted after revision: 6 October 1997     

青岛在山东半岛蓝色经济区建设中的功能定位及发展对策研究

山东半岛蓝色经济区建设已正式上升为国家战略,是国家区域协调发展的重要组成部分。青岛作为山东半岛的龙头城市,综合实力强、地理位置优越、海洋资源丰富、海洋科技领先、海洋经济发达且产业结构较为合理,应借此优势将其建设成为全国蓝色经济发展的先行区、山东半岛蓝色经济区的核心区。在此过程中,青岛要进一步优化蓝色经济的空间布局,并按照“优化提升一产,发展壮大二产,突破发展三产”的思路完善产业结构。为促进山东半岛蓝色经济区快速发展,发挥辐射带动作用,青岛应营造良好的政策环境,突破海洋产业化关键技术,实施项目带动策略,加强半岛城市间的分工协作,并在开发过程中注重生态环境保护,确保蓝色经济可持续发展     

长江上游川云贵三省农业自然资源开发方向和对策

川云贵三省农业自然资源丰富,以山地丘陵为主的地貌类型,形成立体性多样农业气候和不同农业区,成为向国内提供丰富的商品农林产品的地区,烟、茶是重要的创汇产品。随着长江流域、沿边省云南和省会城市的开放,通过改造中低产田、冬闲田利用、农业广度开发,加强草场资源的利用和保护等措施,在提高粮食自给水平同时,把本区建成我国烟、油菜、茶叶、瘦肉型猪、半细毛羊、林特产品的商品基地。     

长江中游地区畜牧业生产现状及持续发展策略

长江中游地区年产猪肉１２５．９６万ｔ,鲜鱼７４．１２万ｔ,是我国重要的畜、禽、鱼养殖基地。依生态景观和畜牧业生产特点,可以分为平原湖区和丘陵岗地两种类型的畜牧业生产模式。目前,该地区畜牧业生产尚存在饲料粮严重短缺,畜牧结构不合理,饲料资源利用不充分和畜产品加工业落后等问题。     

四川旅游名城资源的保护成绩与基本策略

客观地总结了四川省在保护旅游名城（镇）资源方面取得的显著成绩：大批重点文物保护有序；扩建和新建各类博物馆、纪念馆、陈列馆；对成都市三大片区进行了保护性维修与改造；对市内古镇进行了调研与规划。提出了四川省在保护旅游名城（镇）资源方面的3个重点层次，以及切实加强旅游名城（镇）资源的保护要做到政府重视、规划管理、完善法制、资金投入与全民意识等基本策略与具体措施。     

油库火灾特点及扑救战术分析

(公安消防部队 昆明指挥学校, 云南 昆明〓650208)