Experimental test of socially mediated sex change in a protandric simultaneous hermaphrodite,the marine shrimp<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Lysmata wurdemanni</Emphasis> (Caridea: Hippolytidae)

In Lysmata wurdemanni, individuals begin benthic life in a male phase (MP) but later change to a female phase (FP) with female external morphology, but with both male and female reproductive capacity (protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism). Previous studies have demonstrated that the size (timing) of sex change varies considerably in natural populations. We experimentally tested for social mediation of sex change by rearing male-phase individuals (MPs) in both large and small social groups with different sexual and size composition. In the large group experiment, speed of sex change was inversely related to the abundance of female-phase individuals (FPs) in the group (sex-ratio induction). Increased allocation to female function (more rapid change to FP) may occur when male mating opportunities are lower because the simultaneous-hermaphrodite FP can immediately reproduce as a female while maintaining male mating capacity. When FPs are abundant, delayed sex change might be adaptive because the costs of female reproduction are considerable. An MP may gain reproductively by increased growth before changing to FP at a larger size (fewer but much larger broods). Size-ratio induction of sex change by small MPs was suggested but not confirmed. Experimental results from small groups (1–2 individuals) were qualitatively similar but not as conclusive as those from large groups. The number and complexity of social interactions in large groups may be necessary to stimulate labile sex change in this species. In L. wurdemanni, sex change may be influenced not only by abiotic factors related to breeding [Bauer (2002) Biol Bull 203:347–357] but also by social factors in certain demographic situations.Communicated by K. Lindström     

INSTITUTIONALIZED INEFFICIENCY: THE UNFORTUNATE STRUCTURE OF COLORADO'S WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: This analysis identifies two basic structural features of Colorado's water management system which inhibit constructive reform and perpetuate inefficiencies in water use and distribution patterns. These features are: (1) the fragmentation of authority and influence over water, and (2) the estrangement of interest in reform from formal control over water policy. These interrelated features have continued to produce: sporadic, high conflict battles over proposed changes in the status quo; decision making which tends to exaggerate the importance of narrow, special interests while virtually ignoring legitimate interests of major sectors of the public; an inertia which discourages innovation; and an agglomeration of rules and water rights that are predicated on obsolete social and economic needs. Two radical proposals for reforming the state's water resource management system in order to overcome these problems and to enhance the probability that wise water policy will result are offered. These proposals are: (1) the abolition of the present system of water rights founded on the doctrine of prior appropriation, and (2) the consolidation of authority over water allocation in a single board of governors.     

有机膨润土吸附苯胺的性能及工艺条件的优化

以钙基膨润土为原料,钠化后用溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)进行有机改性,制得有机膨润土。在单因素吸附实验的基础上,采用L16(44)正交实验法对有机膨润土吸附水中苯胺的工艺条件进行了优化研究。结果表明,当矿物的粒径小于74μm、振荡速度为150 r/m in、吸附液为25 mL,并且以此三者为固定因素时,其优化工艺条件为有机膨润土投加量2.0 g,温度40℃,pH 7,吸附时间1.5 h。     

有机膨润土吸附苯胺的性能及工艺条件的优化

以钙基膨润土为原料，钠化后用溴化十六烷基三甲铵（CTMAB）进行有机改性，制得有机膨润土。在单因素吸附实验的基础上，采用L16（4^4）正交实验法对有机膨润土吸附水中苯胺的工艺条件进行了优化研究。结果表明，当矿物的粒径小于74／μm、振荡速度为150r／min、吸附液为25mL，并且以此三者为固定因素时，其优化工艺条件为有机膨润土投加量2．0g，温度40℃，pH7，吸附时间1．5h。     

灌肠生产工艺与常见的质量问题分析

灌肠是我国的大众食品,直接供人民食用,这就要求产品既能保证营养全面,又要安全卫生.本文通过对灌肠生产工艺的研究,从外部形态和内质两方面进行探讨,分析影响灌肠质量的主要因素,为生产高质量灌肠提供重要参数.     

采取多种手段解决环境污染投诉

环境污染扰民问题涉及面广、投诉量大，以现有的环境行政手段，已难以满足广大人民群众要求解决污染扰民问题的强烈愿望。提出解决污染扰民问题，首先要提升环境行政手段，加强污染扰民的源头控制；其次应运用法律援助手段，保障群众合法权益；再次必须引入司法调解手段，建立有效的污染投诉调解机制。     

增强环保科技创新能力支撑环境管理决策:需求·挑战·对策

新时代我国环境保护形势面临着深刻变化,满足人民群众日益增长的对优质生态产品需求成为环保工作的主要矛盾.为落实党的十九大关于生态文明建设和环境保护的要求,牢固把握"环保科技的人民性",在对未来环境形势和环保科技创新需求分析判断的基础上,紧密围绕绿色发展和环境质量改善的目标,提出了加强环保科技创新发展的4个重点任务:面向国民经济绿色发展主战场,全面提升环保科技供给能力和水平;加强环境科学基础研究,引领环境质量改善;研发关键技术,突破环境治理技术瓶颈;加大生态系统保护力度,推进人与自然和谐共生.同时,提出了完善环保科技创新体制机制的5点建议:实施平台化、国际化、产业化、规范化、信息化管理,助推现代环境科研院所制度建设;加快环保科技创新体系建设,完善和补强科技创新链条;完善管理决策支撑机制,解决科研与管理脱节的问题;统筹全国环境科研力量,创新重大科研项目组织模式;加强人才队伍建设,充分调动人才创新活力,为环保科技创新提供政策和制度保障.      

Jute bioblanket as a soil rehabilitation strategy in Sorocaba,Brazil: Soil chemistry and SWOT approaches

Soil erosion and the invasion of exotic plant species are major constraints to achieve sustainable development around the world. Currently, we find few products devoted concomitantly to combatting soil erosion as well as the establishment of unwanted exotic plants. In this paper, we introduce a new product, called herein a bioblanket, that protects the soil and impedes the establishment of exotic plant species. This product is of simple design, and to manufacture it, we use two biodegradable materials: jute tissue and grass wastes. We designed this product to combat soil erosion and the germination and establishment of new, unwanted, invasive plant species. In this paper, we describe our evaluation of how successful this product was in terms of improving the chemical attributes of soil. We also identified the product's potentialities and weaknesses by means of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. The bioblanket ameliorated the chemical attributes of the soil, as evidenced especially by the neutralization of acidity (8.5%) and aluminum toxicity (33%), and by an increment in nutrients concentration. We argue that after adequate treatment and management, the residues of plants that are normally considered unwanted materials can be transformed into a raw material to control the propagation of unwanted plant species, and concomitantly control soil erosion while improving the chemical conditions of the soil. The improvement of the soil chemical attributes was one of the main positive effects reported through the SWOT analysis. In addition, the SWOT analysis revealed some features that need improvement in future generations of the product, but we argue that these features do not impede the benefits for the use of the product in its present form.     

戴腰山铜矿采矿技改工程安全评价研究

为了提高戴腰山铜矿采矿技改工程本质安全程度,辨识技改工程中存在的主要危险、有害因素;结合技改项目资料和现场调查,将该项目划分为10个评价单元;针对不同评价单元特点,分别采用安全检查表(SCL)、预先危险性分析(PHA)、事故树分析(FTA)和作业条件危险性评价法(LEC)等对该技改工程中的危险、有害因素进行了定性、定量评价;针对安全评价中出现的问题提出了切实可行的安全措施建议。     

环境信息高效利用技术平台流程再造的研究

近年来环境管理工作积累了大量的基础数据,但这些数据的采集、传输、加工、存储和应用比较分散,缺乏规范化,环境数据尚未能全面有效转化为可用信息资源.如何实现多部门协同,改革业务流程,有效地发挥环境信息高效利用平台作用,我们提出环境信息高效利用技术平台应用的流程,工作方法、相关原则和相关技术管理规范.研究有助于推动环境信息高效利用平台的规范应用和发展.