COMPUTER ASSISTED NEGOTIATION OF MULTIOBJECTIVE WATER RESOURCES CONFLICTS1

ABSTRACT: Since the early 1970s, a large volume of literature has accumulated related to multiobjective water resources management problems. A relatively small portion of this specifically addresses the negotiation process required when there are multiple decision makers with conflicting objectives. This paper focuses on that process and describes a computer program designed to assist such negotiation processes. This interactive computer assisted negotiation support system is called ICANS. ICANS is designed for dynamic, multi-issue, multi-party negotiation problems. Based on information provided in confidence by each party via an interactive graphical interface, the program can help determine if there exist any possible alternatives that are equivalent or even preferred to each party's decision in the absence of a negotiated agreement. If such alternatives exist, through a series of iterations in which each party's input data, assumptions, and preferences may change, ICANS can assist the parties in their search for a mutually acceptable and preferred agreement. A simple example illustrates the data requirements and the use of ICANS in negotiation experiments.     

改性粉煤灰填充聚丙烯酸钠高吸水性树脂合成工艺研究

改性粉煤灰与丙烯酸通过水溶液聚合法制备出粉煤灰／聚丙烯酸钠高吸水性复合材料。采用单因素法,分析了中和度、聚合温度、反应时间及静置分层处理对高吸水性复合材料吸水性能和耐盐性能的影响。实验结果表明：当中和度为50％、聚合温度为70℃、反应时间为5h时且静置分层处理所制备的高吸水性复合材料具有最佳的吸水性能。     

浅谈环保科技档案的开发利用

阐述了环保科技档案资源开发利用的重要性及现状,针对存在的问题提出了开发利用环境科技档案的措施。     

Changing energy intensity in China:a decomposition analysis

This study proposed a decomposition method based on the normalized quadratic shadow unit cost function to explore the determinants of the change in energy intensity in China from 1985 to 2010.The decomposition analysis indicates that (1) the improvement in technical efficiency dramatically reduced the energy intensity,whereas technological change played only a minor role,which could be attributed to a rebound effect;(2) the aggregated allocation effect was small because the change in the allocative distortion between capital and energy significantly enhanced energy intensity but was partly offset by the effect stemming from the change in the allocative distortion between capital and energy;and (3) the substitution of energy for labor increased energy intensity,but the aggregated substitution effect significantly reduced energy intensity because the substitution of capital for energy reduced energy intensity to a great extent.These findings were obtained at the national level and varied at die regional level.     

Technological Progress,Structural Change and China''s Energy Efficiency

China has witnessed rapid economic development since 1978, and during the time, energy production and consumption developed at a tremendous speed as well. Energy efficiency which can be measured by energy consumption per unit of GDP, however, experienced continuous decrease. Theoretically, the change of energy efficiency can be attributed to industry structural change and technological change. In order to explain the transformation of Chinese energy efficiency, we adopt logarithmic mean Divisia index techni...     

Harmful and Needless Emission of Refrigerant and Countermeasures

Refrigerants used in refrigerators are an important source of ozone depleting substances released into the atmosphere, and can have a significantly negative effect on the hole in the ozone layer. But most-emission of refrigerants is man-made, unreasonable and needless. Since in most emission cases the refrigerants are contained in the refrigerators, we can retrieve them by some technique that changes the ＇manual emission＇ into manual retrieving. To promote the retrieval action and diminish the pollution, society can use economic, administrative and technical countermeasures, which can create a ＇good-cycle＇ both ＇harnessing pollution and earning income simultaneously＇, reinforce the motive of retrieving, and retrieve most proportion of refrigerants used by＇all refrigerators. This ＇good-cycle＇ method can be easily promoted, and also a valuable way to promote other forms of environmental protection. The three countermeasures have almost no social cost, even no cost at all.     

资源型区域技术创新与产业转型的耦合机理

长期来看,资源型区域在发展过程中都存在着资源耗竭问题。以资源型产业为主导的区域产业结构需要通过发展新兴产业以实现区域内的产业转型,促进区域经济的可持续发展。产业转型与技术创新之间存在着正向的相互作用,两者之间的耦合机理在于技术创新促进新产业的发展,新产业的发展又会进一步促进技术创新的进步。     

利用超声波辅助提取苦杏仁精油的工艺研究

在超声波作用下,通过使用不同溶剂,研究了苦杏仁中精油的提取方法。结果表明,超声处理有利于提高苦杏仁精油的提取率。通过正交实验确定影响其收率的因素,从大到小依次为料液比、提取温度和提取时间,确定最优工艺为:乙酸乙酯和四氢呋喃的混合溶剂(1∶1,V/V)为提取剂,料液比1∶20,提取温度20°C,提取时间30min,此条件下提取率为16.20%。本研究结果为纯天然苦杏仁精油的提取工艺提供了技术参数。     

浅谈V型滤池的工艺设计

介绍了V型滤池工艺特点,总结了V型滤池的工艺设计、施工安装和生产管理工作体会.     

环境调解“二一分流”模式的探究

面对纷繁复杂的环境纠纷,学者们普遍倾向行政调解,但实践中行政调解存在概念不清、程序不完备、政府信誉危机等无法逾越的障碍。为了应对复杂的环境纠纷,应当因应地选择解决方式,确立“二一分流”的方法并创设“双调解”模式,将不同类型的问题划入不同处理模式,综合运用三大调解方式,从而真正实现“大调解”从司法到全社会的全面贯通,提高环境纠纷处理效率。