黑龙江省与俄罗斯煤炭科技合作的利益博弈研究

黑龙江省在开展对俄科技合作中充分利用地缘和历史渊源的优势,采取技贸结合、产学研结合等多种方式,形成了全方位、多渠道、多形式的科技交流合作新局面.借鉴博弈论和区域经济学的观点,以黑龙江省与俄罗斯煤炭合作的利益博弈为基础,探讨了煤炭技术发展水平不同的两地在参与区域煤炭合作时应采取的不同策略,以此为两地区域科技合作提供借鉴.     

非生物胁迫对盐生杜氏藻DsMPK转录、翻译和磷酸化修饰的影响

促有丝分裂活化蛋白激酶(Mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK或MPK)途径是在真核生物中广泛存在的调控多种生理过程的信号途径,在细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、生物和非生物胁迫等生理过程的调控中起着关键的作用.盐生杜氏藻(Dunaliella salina,盐藻)是目前世界上最耐盐的真核光合生物之一.在前期实验中,已发现盐藻MAPK(DsMPK)的表达受到低温和高盐胁迫的抑制.分析DsMPK在高温、低盐、氧化、紫外胁迫中的表达变化,发现DsMPK还受到氧化胁迫的抑制.进而分析DsMPK在高温、低盐、氧化、低温、高盐和紫外胁迫中翻译和磷酸化修饰的变化,发现除低盐胁迫外,在磷酸化修饰水平DsMPK同样受到各种非生物胁迫的抑制.在对不同生长阶段盐藻DsMPK磷酸化变化的分析中还发现,DsMPK的磷酸化水平与生长速率有一致性.各方面DsMPK的变化趋势说明其为一调控生长相关的MAPK.     

Regulatory focus as a mediator in goal orientation and performance relationships

Chosen goals influence the outcomes a person achieves as well as the behaviors performed to achieve those outcomes. In this study, we propose that three forms of goal orientation: learning, performance‐prove, and performance‐avoid, (VandeWalle, 1997 ) relate to performance, with learning and performance‐prove relating to performance through regulatory foci of prevention and promotion, respectively. Regulatory focus, a type of self‐regulation, entails the implementation of specific strategies in pursuit of goals and thus gives us insight to how a person pursues a chosen goal. In a combination of laboratory and field studies, we examine the role of regulatory focus as a mediator between goal orientation and task performance. We find evidence that regulatory focus strategies differentially mediate the goal orientation/task performance relationship. Theoretical ramifications for these relationships, as well as practical implications, are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

科技创新、产业结构升级与碳排放效率——基于省际面板数据的PVAR分析

基于PVAR模型,以我国30个省（市、自治区）2010—2018年数据为例,从全国和东中西区域层面分析科技创新、产业结构升级与碳排放效率的动态关系。结果表明：（1）从全国层面看,科技创新、产业结构升级与碳排放效率自身具有较强的协调性且相互间能够产生正向的促进作用。（2）从区域内部来看,自东向西,科技创新、产业结构升级与碳排放效率的协调程度逐步递减。东部地区基本实现了三个变量的协调发展,中部地区产业结构升级与碳排放效率尚未形成双向互动关系,碳排放效率对产业结构升级提升的推动力不足;西部地区科技创新水平偏低,产业结构不合理、碳排放效率较低,三者均未形成良性互动。     

中国民航业中长期碳排放预测与技术减排潜力分析

基于LEAP构建自下而上的中国民航业能源系统模型,设置冻结、现有政策、力度、替代和革命五组情景,深入分析民航业的驱动因子和发展趋势,探讨中国民航业中长期低碳发展的技术路径.结果显示,预计2060年左右人均乘机次数翻两番,突破2人次,冻结情景下2060年会带来高达6.9亿t的碳排放.力度情景下,民航业碳排放有望在2044年左右达峰,峰值水平控制在3亿t左右,40年累积减排近50%,仅需增加约1万亿人民币的成本.稳步推进机队更新换代,加快基础设施提升和运营操作改进,发展可持续航空燃料是民航业必须依赖的减排手段,分别能带来44.1%、29.5%和26.4%的减排量.因此,民航业要尽早制定行业"双碳"目标和实施路径计划,中短期统筹推进空域改革、空中交通管理和航司精细化管理,大力支持国产大飞机的发展,长期推动可持续航空燃料全产业链商业化和市场化.     

浅谈城市污水处理厂的节能降耗

随着城市经济的发展,城市污水处理厂的建设规模越来越大,数量也在不断地增加,所以城市污水处理厂的能耗问题也越来越受到重视。从污水处理厂的污水处理量、建设规模、所选工艺及设备等方面对节能技术进行深入探讨,针对优化方案设计、完善处理工艺、优化设备选型、提高水厂的运行管理等方面,提出节能措施,最终实现能耗的降低。     

反应过程典型事故共性分析及安全防控对策研究

为了充分挖掘事故教训,提高化工装置反应过程的安全性水平,收集了5起典型的化工装置反应过程事故,包括:光化釜爆炸事故、聚氯乙烯聚合釜爆炸事故、硝化装置爆炸事故、重氮盐生产过程爆炸事故及磺化反应釜爆炸事故。剖析了事故发生的多方面原因,包括:反应危害认识不足、工艺危险性分析不充分、安全条件没确定、过度依赖操作者及控制系统设计有缺陷等。针对每种原因进行了深入的分析,并借鉴事故的教训、已有的标准及优秀的做法,提出了科学系统的反应过程安全防控建议。     

Harmful and Needless Emission of Refrigerant and Countermeasures

Abstract

Refrigerants used in refrigerators are an important source of ozone depleting substances released into the atmosphere, and can have a significantly negative effect on the hole in the ozone layer. But most emission of refrigerants is man-made, unreasonable and needless. Since in most emission cases the refrigerants are contained in the refrigerators, we can retrieve them by some technique that changes the ‘manual emission’ into manual retrieving. To promote the retrieval action and diminish the pollution, society can use economic, administrative and technical countermeasures, which can create a ‘good-cycle’ both ‘harnessing pollution and earning income simultaneously’, reinforce the motive of retrieving, and retrieve most proportion of refrigerants used by all refrigerators. This ‘good-cycle’ method can be easily promoted, and also a valuable way to promote other forms of environmental protection. The three countermeasures have almost no social cost, even no cost at all.     

Power,politics, and culture of marine conservation technology in fisheries

The term conservation technology is applied widely and loosely to any technology connected to conservation. This overly broad understanding can lead to confusion around the actual mechanisms of conservation in a technological system, which can result in neglect and underdevelopment of the human dimensions of conservation technology. Ultimately, this hinders its effectiveness as technological fixes for conservation problems. Through a process of concept mapping based on key case studies and literature, I devised precise definitions of marine conservation technology and technological marine conservation system. Concerns about the use of marine conservation technologies included unintended consequences, halfway technologies that address the symptoms but not the causes of problems, and misguided techno-optimism (i.e., technology is a panacea that can solve any problem). Technology and technological systems can have power, politics, and culture, and these characteristics can influence the contextual fit of a technology, requiring that technology be thoughtfully created or adapted to the circumstances in which it will be used. Power, politics, and culture inherent in technology can also influence the distribution of conservation risks and benefits and potentially widen gaps in wealth, privilege, opportunities, and justice. Addressing these concerns can potentially be achieved through the better integration of social sciences in marine conservation technology and technological marine conservation system design and development and the application of the social-ecological-technological systems framework. This framework melds key concepts from the socioecological systems framework and science and technology studies. It recognizes as and elevates technology to be a central actor that can shape societies and the natural world. Such a framework incorporates broader understanding, so that the values and concerns of society are more effectively addressed in the creation and implementation of marine conservation technologies and technological marine conservation systems.     

能源生态效率评价及其与经济增长脱钩分析——以黄河流域9省区为例

采用Super—SBM模型、GML模型测度1997—2019年黄河流域9省区的能源生态效率,通过构建脱钩模型,探讨经济增长与能源消耗及能源生态效率的脱钩关系。结果发现:①黄河流域9省区能源生态效率呈增长—下降—增长的趋势,累积增长了15.3%,其中,追赶效率贡献率为41.5%,而技术进步不足。②黄河流域9省区在经济增长与能源消耗呈强脱钩—弱脱钩—强脱钩发展态势,而经济增长与能源生态效率呈强脱钩—弱脱钩—强脱钩—弱脱钩发展态势。