中国森林公园旅游业发展的就业效应分析

发展旅游业是扩大就业的重要渠道。森林公园旅游业是中国森林旅游业的主体。本文首先概述了中国森林公园建设与发展状况,并基于林业统计年鉴数据,分析中国森林公园旅游业发展及直接就业效应,进而采用投入产出法对森林公园旅游业的间接就业效应进行了测算,最后总结全文并提出相关政策建议。研究结果表明:森林公园旅游业持续发展的就业效应可观。测算数据显示,2011-2020年森林公园旅游业的总体就业量为512.1万人,其中直接和间接就业量分别为238.5万人和273.6万人。     

化工园区综合风险评价中的公众参与研究

为确保公众与化工园区之间的和谐相处,分析化工园区综合风险评价中公众参与的现状,提出公众参与实施中所应遵循的原则、方法和形式,采用社会问卷调查的形式,验证了这一工作的必要性。阐述化工园区综合风险评价中公众参与应分为三个阶段,即早期公众参与、中期公众参与及持续公众参与,针对不同时期的具体情况,指出基本的工作程序。在公众参与调查中建立评价因素集的体系框架,并采用熵权法分析评价各因素的权重,结合公众＂幅值＂评分,综合得出公众对于化工园区建设、规划、准入项目及正常生产时带来影响的意见和建议的倾向性。首次提出在化工园区综合风险评价中增加公众参与这一内容,有利于增加政府机构办事的透明度,同时也确保公众的利益得到足够的重视。     

基于AHP-模糊方法的某化工园区应急能力评估

化工园区应急能力评估是化工园区风险评估及应急管理的重要内容,化工园区建立应急能力评估体系一方面可以提高园区企业及管理部门的应急响应能力,另一方面可以增强政府各部门对事故的应急管理能力。在对某化工园区现场调研的基础上,结合国内外研究成果,确定了化工园区应急能力的多级指标,并运用AHP-模糊方法对该园区进行了应急能力评估。     

化工园区水环境风险公共应急设施布局研究

重大事故状态下,单个化工企业的风险防控设施(应急池等)无法控制事故污水的情形下,整个化工园区的公共应急设施十分必要.在化工园区环境风险特征分析、突发事故次生水环境污染发生过程分析的基础上,提出建立整个化工园区的水环境风险三级防控体系,统一规划布局园区水环境风险公共应急设施,保障事故污水不出园区,根本上提高对事故污水的控制能力,最后以某临港化工园区进行案例分析.     

浅谈节能环保技术在园区中的应用

建筑行业的迅速发展,造成了大量资源耗损和环境污染.将节能环保理念应用到建筑和园区建设中,节约资源减少污染势在必行.分别从建筑保温、可再生能源的利用和生态建设三大方面介绍了节能环保技术在园区中的应用,并计算节能效果,结果表明,采用节能环保技术能大大减少碳及烟尘的排放量,有效地保护了环境.     

福州市海峡供销再生资源产业园区可行性研究

对建设福州市海峡供销再生资源产业园区项目的背景、内容、规模,以及园区开发经营和效益进行可行性分析研究。园区建设作为一个长期项目,将成为海峡西岸经济区重要的废旧商品回收利用示范基地。     

Advancing urban ecosystem governance in Ljubljana

Extensive green areas generate a recognizable green identity of Ljubljana. Due to the challenges of climate change and urbanization the city's spatial policy highlights revitalization of degraded urban areas, preserving the quality and scope of the existing green network and the protection of multifunctional natural areas surrounding the city. Article describes the project of Rakova Jelša Park as a good example of these policies. With an NGO initiative a former degraded area with illegal dumping and non-indigenous vegetation was transformed into recreational park with increased biocultural diversity. Important lesson of the project is that opening up space for public use not only prevents degradation, but also improves the quality of urban ecosystems. One of the challenges for the city's future sustainable ecosystem development will be a more active cooperation with its citizens in the green infrastructure policy and later also a partial transfer of responsibility for green areas to them.     

Swidden agriculture in a protected area: the Matsigenka native communities of Manu National Park, Peru

In this study, we investigate whether traditional swidden agriculture on nutrient-poor tropical soils can sustainably support a growing indigenous population within Manu National Park, Peru. Based on interviews with 50 Matsigenka farmers, as well as GPS mapping and field visits, we established the location and size of all 124 swidden gardens cultivated in 2000 and 2001. Using a GIS-based soil map of Manu Park, we identify the total extent of potential arable land (1) throughout the park zones currently available for Matsigenka habitation, and (2) within the vicinity of the two study communities. Taking into account current per capita garden size, cultivation and fallow practices, we calculate the maximum human carrying capacity of swidden agriculture for (1) all available park zones and (2) the immediate vicinity of the two current communities. Even given the second, highly limited scenario, the sustainable human carrying capacity is estimated to be 2,138 individuals, which is far higher than the current population of about 420 people. Thus, arable land does not appear to be a limiting factor for the growth of the indigenous population in Manu Park at the current time. Other possible limiting factors for population growth are identified and discussed. We conclude that a conservation policy of population stabilization around the current settlements is viable in that it will not result in reduced resource availability over the next few decades, and that the challenge is to identify and mitigate the forces causing population fissioning and spread. Readers should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue.     

Model-Based Assessment of Aspen Responses to Elk Herbivory in Rocky Mountain National Park,USA

In Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) has been observed to be declining on elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) winter range for many decades. To support elk management decisions, the SAVANNA ecosystem model was adapted to explore interactions between elk herbivory and aspen dynamics. The simulated probability of successful vegetative regeneration for senescent aspen stands declines sharply when elk densities reach levels of 3–5 elk/km², depending on model assumptions for the seasonal duration of elk foraging activities. For aspen stands with a substantial component of younger trees, the simulated regeneration probability declines more continuously with increasing elk density, dropping below 50% from densities at 8–14 elk/km².At the landscape scale, simulated aspen regeneration probability under a scenario of extensive seasonal use was little affected by elk population level, when this level was above 300–600 elk (25%–50% current population) over the ca. 107 km² winter range. This was because elk distribution was highly aggregated, so that a high density of elk occupied certain areas, even at low population levels overall. At approximately current elk population levels (1000–1200 elk), only 35%–45% of senescent aspen stands are simulated as having at least a 90% probability of regeneration, nearly all of them located on the periphery of the winter range. Successful management for aspen persistence on core winter range will likely require some combination of elk population reduction, management of elk distribution, and fencing to protect aspen suckers from elk browsing.