火电厂石灰石-石膏脱硫设施环保验收监测若干问题的探讨

以\"十一五\"期间较为常见的火电厂石灰石-石膏脱硫设施竣工环保验收监测为例,着重就验收过程监测布点、设施处理效率计算、污染物总量核算、减排项目标准执行以及环境管理检查中存在的问题进行探讨,提出解决问题的方法与思路,为今后火电厂竣工环保验收监测工作提供借鉴。     

Investigation of the propensity of sulfide concentrates to spontaneous combustion in storage

Spontaneous combustion of sulfide concentrates can cause many serious problems during storage. In this study, two representative samples (sulfur-rich sulfide concentrate and iron-rich sulfide concentrate) were investigated for the self-heating behavior using the crossing-point temperature (CPT) method. The corresponding apparent activation energies were determined, 13.7366 kJ/mol for iron-rich sulfide concentrate and 21.3817 kJ/mol for sulfur-rich sulfide concentrate. Furthermore, the surface temperatures of sulfide concentrate stockpiles in different seasons were also measured by a thermal image apparatus. It was found the temperature for iron-rich sulfide concentrate stockpile was higher than that for rich-sulfur sulfide concentrate stockpile. These research results show iron-rich sulfide concentrate exhibits stronger propensity to spontaneous combustion than sulfur-rich sulfide concentrate. Particular attention should be paid to the fire hazard of iron-rich sulfide concentrate in daily safety check work. The combination of the CPT method with the infrared thermal image measurement provides a new approach for the risk assessment on the propensity of sulfide concentrates to spontaneous combustion during the production, storage and transportation. The useful data and experience achieved in this investigation can be also referenced in similar cases later.     

普通硅酸盐混凝土高温性能劣化分析模型∗

混凝土材料的高温力学性能劣化规律是混凝土结构防火设计及灾后评估的重要依据。基于普通硅酸盐混凝土材料内部各组分在高温作用下的微观物理化学变化,研究了硬化水泥浆中水化物高温分解和骨料材料性能的劣化过程,揭示了混凝土在高温作用下宏观力学性能劣化的机理,建立了用于描述普通硅酸盐混凝土高温力学性能劣化规律的分析模型,在传统模型仅能考虑温度大小影响的基础上进一步考虑温度持续时间对材料力学性能劣化的影响。利用FLAC3D软件中的FISH语言开发了相应的计算程序,并用于分析混凝土试块在不同温度和时间作用下材料抗压强度和弹性模量等随温度的劣化规律,与现有试验结果对比表明模型能够合理反映混凝土在高温作用下材料性能的劣化过程。     

不同变质程度煤样氧化自燃热特性试验研究*

为探究煤在氧化自燃过程中的热特性,采用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱试验分析煤样中官能团种类和含量的差异性,结合热重分析-差式扫描量热法(TG-DSC)联用试验,分析煤样在自燃过程中失重量、放热量等参数,建立动力学方程并求解,得到煤样的活化能值E和指前因子A。研究结果表明:不同变质程度煤分子中官能团种类相似,低变质程度煤样中的羟基、脂肪烃、含氧官能团含量多于高变质程度煤样;高变质程度煤的TG、DSC曲线较低变质程度煤的曲线发生偏移出现滞后性,煤氧复合速率减缓,失重量减少,放热量增加;在增重阶段,高变质程度煤的指前因子最小;而燃烧阶段,高变质程度煤的活化能与指前因子相较于低变质程度煤均增大,发生自燃需要更多的能量。     

山铝热电分厂烟气脱硫可行性分析

阐明了烟气脱硫的重要性,对现有烟气脱硫工艺做了简介和比较,结合山西分公司热电分厂的烟尘排放情况及生产工艺、现场实际情况,进行了可行性分析,并提出推荐实施方案。     

消防服用织物热防护性能测试分析与研究

热防护性能(Thermal protective performance—TPP)是阻燃型服装或织物隔热防护性能重要指标。本文在已研制的一种模拟人体皮肤及体形的高温"圆筒仪"上进行了改进,并用其测试阻燃服装织物的热防护性能。用膜电偶测量模拟皮肤器表面温升率,并结合烧伤积分模型的评价方法来计算达到二级烧伤的防热时间。与其它一维平面测试装置相比,本装置可较为准确评估实际服装热收缩特征对服装热防护性能的影响。     

喷射火对输油管道热影响实验平台设计与验证*

为研究油气并行管道中,天然气管道喷射火对相邻输油管道内流体与管壁的热影响,设计并搭建天然气喷射火对输油管道热影响实验平台。实验平台由环道及冷却系统、火焰系统、控制及数据采集系统3个部分组成。完成平台搭建并验证环道系统气密性后,以0#柴油为介质,开展验证实验。研究结果表明:火焰系统工作可靠且可控,冷却系统能够将柴油温度控制在初馏点以下,数据采集系统能够正常采集油品压力、温度、流量、管壁温度、火焰温度等预定数据,实验平台具备一定可行性与安全性。实验平台可进行在不同管道规格及材质、火灾形式、油品介质及流速条件下的热影响实验。实验平台结合材料性能进行测试,可研究喷射火对管材性能的影响,为油气并行管道的安全运行提供相关实验依据。     

The boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion

The boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion (BLEVE) has existed for a long time and for most of this time it has been cloaked in mystery. Several theories have been put forward to explain this very energetic event but none have been proven. This paper describes a series of tests that have recently been conducted to study this phenomenon.

The study involved ASME code automotive propane tanks with nominal capacities of 400 litres. The tanks were exposed to a combination of pool and/or torch fires. These fire conditions led to thermal ruptures, and in some cases these ruptures resulted in BLEVEs. The variables in the tests were the pressure-relief valve setting, the tank wall thickness, and the fire condition.

In total, 30 tests have been conducted, of which 22 resulted in thermal ruptures. Of those tanks that ruptured, 11 resulted in what we call BLEVEs. In this paper, we have defined a BLEVE as the explosive release of expanding vapour and boiling liquid following a catastrophic tank failure. Non-BLEVEs involved tanks that ruptured but which only resulted in a prolonged jet release.

The objective of this study was to investigate why certain tank ruptures lead to a BLEVE rather than a more benign jet-type release. Data are presented to show how wall temperature, wall thickness, liquid temperature and fill level contribute to the BLEVE process.