基于LabVIEW设计的热延伸试验机

根据GB/T 5013.1和GB/T 2951.12的要求,对电线电缆的绝缘和护套需要进行热延伸试验。为了提高检测数据的准确性和可靠性,利用LabVIEW设计了热延伸试验机,不仅实现了数据采集、计算、存储及监控,还可以查看历史记录、实时报警等功能。该试验机控制界面设计友好,在线参数设定方便、扩展性强等优点,具有较高的实用价值。     

Spatial environmental efficiency indicators in regional waste generation: a nonparametric approach

This paper computes and analyses, for the first time, environmental efficiencies in waste generation of 116 European regions in NUTS 2 level in five European countries over the period of 2008–2010. For this reason, different data envelopment analysis (DEA) model formulations are used for modeling the pollutant in the form of waste generation as a regular output and as a regular input. In the latter case, we also use the notion of eco-efficiency. The empirical findings reveal environmental inefficiencies among the regions, indicating the lack of a uniform regional environmental policy among the European countries. This finding is observed not only for regions between different countries but also among the regions within countries, implying the need for implementation of unified appropriate municipal environmental policies in waste management.     

A community-based approach to low-income residential energy efficiency participation barriers

Financial barriers are often cited as the principle impediment to the adoption of energy efficiency measures. Since 1976, the US Department of Energy's Weatherisation Assistance Programme (WAP) has provided state block grants for no-cost, low-income energy efficiency retrofits. Yet, millions of low-income American households lack affordable, reliable, and efficient energy access. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 boosted WAP's annual appropriation from $230 million to $5 billion, requiring states to explore innovate approaches to quickly increasing programme participation. Community-based energy programmes have shown success for overcoming various barriers and increasing participation in the adoption of energy technologies. This case study explores a community-based approach to scaling WAP-funded energy efficiency retrofits in a cluster of five urban, low-income, majority African-American neighbourhoods, known as the Green Impact Zone (GIZ), in Kansas City, Missouri. Findings from interviews with GIZ stakeholders suggest that local context is important to how energy efficiency participation barriers manifest. The targeted, community-based approach to WAP created institutional capabilities for increased recognition of participation challenges and facilitated opportunities for alternative solutions that may otherwise have been overlooked under the standard self-referral implementation of WAP. Lastly, effective implementation of WAP required policy workarounds that recognised the unique characteristics and needs of the target community.     

Heat transfer of vapor chamber with different types of microchannels

Two 40-mm × 35-mm × 1.525-mm micro vapor chambers were fabricated by inductively coupled plasma etching on silicon substrates and tested in this study. One vapor chamber exhibited convergent microchannels, whose widest and narrowest width were 0.3 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively, and the other exhibited discontinuous microchannels having width of 0.3 mm. Those micro vapor chambers that were filled with deionized water in a filling ratio of approximately 48% were tested with various titled angles and input powers. The results showed that the thermal performance of the vapor chamber having discontinuous microchannels was inferior because the spacing between microchannelend and the micropostin both condensing and evaporating sections was too far to return the condensed fluid from condensing section to the evaporating section of the vapor chamber. On the contrary, the convergent microchannel in the other vapor chamber enhanced capillary force, so that the condensed liquid could be successfully forced from the condensing section to the evaporating section even with top heating mode (–90°). The thermal resistance of the vapor chamber having convergent micro channels with top heating mode was 2.08°C/W at 22 W, while the thermal resistance of the vapor chamber with horizontal heating mode was 1.46°C/W at 28 W.     

医用电气设备电源变压器的过载试验

采用电阻法测量医用电气设备电源变压器过载试验时的绕组温升,试验电流和试验时间的选取与熔断器、过流释放器、热断路器等保护装置有关。     

Effects of ozone on inter- and intra-species competition and photosynthesis in mesocosms of Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens

Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne were exposed as both monocultures and two-species mixtures to an episodic rural ozone regime in large, well-watered containers within solardomes for 12 weeks. There were reductions in biomass for T. repens, but not L. perenne, and the proportion of T. repens decreased in ozone-exposed mixtures compared to the control. In addition, leaf biomass of T. repens was maintained at the expense of biomass partitioning to the stolons. The decreased growth corresponded with decreased photosynthetic capacity for T. repens, however, by the end of the exposure there was also decreased photosynthetic capacity of L. perenne, a species previously considered insensitive to ozone. The observed decreases in photosynthetic efficiency and capacity in elevated ozone indicate that the ability of such ubiquitous vegetation to act as a sink for atmospheric carbon may be reduced in future climates.     

机械絮凝池内部流场数值模拟和絮凝效果分析

通过对机械絮凝池内不同进水流量和不同桨板转速的流场分别进行数值模拟,计算得到湍动能k和湍动耗散率ε等水力参数,并结合混凝实验分析水流对絮凝效果的影响。结果表明:湍动能k和湍动耗散率ε可以作为评价絮凝是否充分的标准;机械絮凝池最佳水力停留时间为18 min;平均k值为0.00613～0.00212 m2/s2,平均ε值为0.00869～0.00199 m2/s3时,机械絮凝池装置的絮凝效果比较理想。     

湿法烟气脱硫反应过程的实验研究

在石灰石/石膏湿法烟气脱硫中试台上,系统开展了浆液pH值、飞灰浓度、液气比、入口SO2浓度、烟气速度和氧化方式等对脱硫反应过程影响的实验研究。实验表明,脱硫效率随着石膏浆液pH值、液气比的升高而增加,且入口SO2浓度越高,液气比越低,影响效应越明显;脱硫效率随着烟气速度、烟气温度和入口SO2浓度的增加而下降;石膏浆液中飞灰含量对系统脱硫效率具有一定的促进作用:pH值>5.6,飞灰浸出液中Fe3+含量相对较低,Fe3+对脱硫反应过渡态催化氧化影响程度较轻,不同工况脱硫效率差别不大。pH值<5.6,飞灰浸出液中Fe3+含量随pH值降低而增大,增效效果逐渐显著;氧化方式对脱硫反应过程有明显的影响,强制氧化工艺的脱硫效率比自然氧化的高5%左右。     

酸热处理提剩余污泥胞外聚合物的条件优化

以蛋白质浓度、多糖浓度和DNA浓度为表征,对酸热法提取剩余活性污泥中的胞外聚合物进行了条件优化,考察了pH值、温度和提取时间对破解剩余污泥细胞提胞外聚合物(EPS)效率影响的最优条件,并对EPS提取液进行FT-IR分析。结果表明,影响提取效率大小为pH值>温度>提取时间,酸热处理提胞外聚合物的最佳条件为pH=1.25,T=100℃,t=4 h。     

A-A~2/O工艺脱氮实践运行效果及优化

A-A2/O工艺是预缺氧/厌氧/缺氧/好氧组成的生物脱氮除磷工艺,广州市某污水处理厂采用该工艺处理城市污水,具有同时去除有机物、脱氮除磷能力,但是TN去除率较低。分析了其TN去除率低的原因,并提出相应措施。该水厂针对本厂水质特征以及影响工艺脱氮性能的主要因素,优化了工艺控制参数,提高了TN去除率和TN达标保证率。