PS-InSAR监测矿区建筑物及道路动态沉降安全分析*

针对矿山井下开采引发的地表沉降,提出1种结合时序相干系数阈值、振幅离差指数阈值和强度信息阈值的三重阈值法PS点识别方法的PS-InSAR技术。基于哨兵1号A星（Sentinel-1A）的雷达图像,依据三重阈值法识别到淮北市郊一煤矿311工作面采区内重要建筑物和道路的PS点,分别分析开采沉陷阶段的地表沉降活跃期（2018年7月14日—2019年9月7日）和该工作面停采2个月后地表沉陷衰退期（2019年9月7日—2021年1月23日）的动态沉降速率、沉降大小。研究结果表明:三重阈值法能筛选出更有效的PS点,可提高PS点识别与PS-InSAR技术监测精度,说明利用三重阈值法识别PS点的PS-InSAR技术监测矿区建筑物及道路安全具有可行性。     

情绪对新手驾驶员视觉特性的影响研究

为构建基于驾驶员生理特性情绪识别系统,采用眼动仪等设备对20名新手驾驶员开展不同情绪状态下的模拟驾驶试验,采集高兴、悲伤、愤怒3种情绪状态和无情绪下新手驾驶员的视觉数据,利用Matlab、SPSS软件统计分析新手驾驶员瞳孔变化、眼球扫视、注视点视觉数据.结果 表明:悲伤、愤怒情绪对新手驾驶员瞳孔尺寸分布频率及其变化差异...     

历史性转变——20o6中国环境保护评述

2006年,从中央到地方都大幅度强化了环境保护的施政力度。中央提出了环境保护与经济增长要并重、同步和综合的要求,这被称为“环境保护的历史性转变”。与此同时,国家出台了20多项以环境保护为重要内容或与环境保护有关的产业政策和其他经济政策。新成立了11个环境保护和核安全的区域督查机构,层层下达了主要污染物排放消减指标。各地也把主要精力放在了推动新型工业化和城市化进程上,出台了大量加强和支持环境保护的经济政策和管理措施。     

同江市面源污染的调查及治理对策

同江市面源污染的来源及近年来在面源污染治理方面取得了初步成绩,提出了今后应从行政,法律和技术方面出发,制定相应的治理水土流失,城市规划,农村规范管理及人畜等方面的治理措施.同时也提出对同江市面源污染的研究与治理仅仅是初步探讨,今后还要结合实际工作,做进一步的研究与探讨,以便为同江的发展提供一个更好的平台,创造一个和谐的发展空间.     

基于长基线测量的水下电场特性分析研究

目的研究海洋环境电场的空间分布。方法借助长基线测量系统提供的一定空间增益,提高测量信号的强度,从而测量低频电场不同测量体在24 h内的幅度变化,以及0.1,0.2,0.5,1,10 Hz等5个不同典型频点的概率密度分布。结果水下电场的空间分布会由于电极间距的不同导致幅度有所差异,但整体的变化趋势基本一致。0.1,0.2,0.5,1 Hz频点随着频率的增加,幅度对整体的贡献越来越小,而10 Hz频点的幅度变化无明显规律。在24 h的连续观测中,DC-1 Hz极低频电场的幅度分布并不满足正态分布,而是随着时间变化具有一定的规律性。结论得到了不同频点的海洋水下环境电场的空间分布特性。     

地表参数设置对高架点源大气污染物扩散预测的影响研究

以某火电厂高架点源为例,运用AERMOD进行预测,对扇区进行粗划分和细划分,设置两组地表参数,分析SO2、NO2、PM10在敏感点的小时浓度、日均浓度和期间平均浓度最大值的差异.变化幅度分析方法表明,PM10的小时浓度、日均浓度、期间平均浓度最大值的变化幅度最大,NO2次之,SO2最小.高端值比较法分析表明,NO2小时浓度最大值的差异最大,SO2次之,PM10最小;NO2日均浓度最大值的差异最大,PM10次之,SO2最小;NO2期间平均浓度最大值的差异最大,SO2次之,PM10最小.     

湖泊水环境高空间遥感影像污染点源信息提取研究

传统的污染点源信息提取技术存在权重因子各指标取值范围广、提取精准度不准确、植被覆盖率检测效果差等问题,为此,采用高空间遥感影像对湖泊水环境污染点源信息提取进行研究.针对信息的选择和预处理,需要先获取污染点源信息,并利用多项式对遥感影像图中的畸形几何进行修正;通过利用TM影像技术分析波段组合和单独使用波段的分类效果;根据影像中不同的隶属度,构建水体规则,分析水体差异指数,由此提高信息提取的精度,进而完成污染点源信息的提取.通过选取验证区域,进行实验,实验结果表明,使用该技术能够缩小权重因子各指标取值范围,并提高污染点源信息提取的精准度与植被覆盖率检测的效率,实用性较强.     

Prediction models for the flash point of pure components

The flash point for a liquid is defined as the lowest temperature at which its vapor forms a spontaneously ignitable mixture when brought in contact with air. Having a good estimation of the flash point temperature at normal conditions is relevant because it is one of the main properties used to characterize fire and explosion hazards for liquids. Most of predictive correlations in the literature include a physical effect by including the normal boiling temperature in their formulation. To achieve combustion, sufficient evaporation is required and then a part of the liberated energy from the combustion is used to support the evaporation. Thus the evaporation energy and a chemical effect given by the heat of reaction are incorporated in this work. It is firstly verified that the relation between the flash point temperature and the normal boiling temperature tends to be a constant. Thus a heuristic approach based on 611 chemical species of diverse families indicates that this relation is around 0.75. The dispersion of the error has been reduced by using two proposed correlations where both physical and chemical properties are included in the model. In particular, the second equation is based on the group contributions method, which has been developed for alkanes. This method is in fact a combination of the group contributions method and the first model to overcome the difficulties in predicting isomeric differences.     

Does sheep selectivity along grazing paths negatively affect biological crusts and soil seed banks in arid shrublands? A case study in the Patagonian Monte,Argentina

Domestic animals potentially affect the reproductive output of plants by direct removal of aboveground plant parts but also could alter the structure and fertility of the upper soil and the integrity of biological crusts through trampling. We asked whether sheep selectivity of plant patches along grazing paths could lead to negative changes in biological crusts and soil seed banks. We randomly selected ten floristically homogeneous vegetation stands distributed across an area (1250 ha) grazed by free ranging sheep. Vegetation stands were differently selected by sheep as estimated through sheep-collaring techniques combined with remote imagery mapping. At each stand, we extracted 15 paired cylindrical soil cores from biological crusts and from neighboring soil without crusts. We evaluated the crust cover enclosed in each core and incubated the soil samples at field capacity at alternating 10-18 °C during 24 months. We counted the emerged seedlings and identified them by species. Sheep selectivity along grazing paths was largest at mid-distances to the watering point of the paddock. Increasing sheep selectivity was associated with the reduction of the cover of biological crusts and the size and species number of the soil seed bank of preferred perennial grasses under biological crusts. The size of the soil seed bank of annual grasses was reduced with increasing sheep selectivity under both crust and no crust soil conditions. We did not detect changes in the soil seed banks of less- and non- preferred species (shrubs and forbs) related to sheep selectivity. Our findings highlight the negative effects of sheep selectivity on biological crusts and the soil seed bank of preferred plant species and the positive relationship between biological crusts and the size of the soil seed bank of perennial grasses. Accordingly, the state of conservation of biological crusts could be useful to assess the state of the soil seed banks of perennial grasses for monitoring, conservation and planning the sustainable management of grazing lands.     

Rhetoric and Reality of Water Quality Trading and the Potential for Market‐like Reform1

Stephenson, Kurt and Leonard Shabman, 2011. Rhetoric and Reality of Water Quality Trading and the Potential for Market‐Like Reform. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(1):15‐28. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00492.x Abstract: Many public interest groups, government agencies, and professional economists argue that current approaches to water quality trading are a cost‐effective, politically practical innovation for achieving water quality standards, in part by addressing one of the most difficult water quality improvement challenges – limiting the discharge from nonpoint sources. A critical analysis shows that these claims for current water quality trading programs are often unrealized. This rhetoric, without adherence to principles of market‐like reform, can undermine the support of regulated parties for meaningful water quality policy reform, contribute to missed opportunities to implement cost‐effective programs, and postpone successfully meeting the challenge of limiting nonpoint source discharges. A better understanding and application of market‐like principles can result in an improved design of trading as well as general water quality management programs.