基于遗传算法的大气污染总量控制新方法

提出一种利用遗传算法进行大气污染总量控制的新方法,并以柳州市SO2总量控制为例说明这种方法的具体运用.遗传算法具备自适应全局搜索寻优特点,从控制点浓度推算源强分布,该源强分布满足总量控制的根本要求.该方法的具体实现是:将区域内各污染源的排放量编码为染色体,让染色体群体在模拟的进化环境下按生物进化规律进行优胜劣汰的自然选择,经过若干代的进化,最终得到的最优个体即代表最佳的源强分布.研究结果表明,这种方法是有效的和可行的.     

乡村振兴背景下浙江省3A级景区村庄空间结构特征与影响因子分析

乡村振兴背景下,基于浙江省1597处3A级景区村庄数据,采用最邻近距离指数、点密度分析,结合ArcGIS 10.6、地理探测器等数据处理与分析工具,探讨浙江省及各地级市3A级景区村庄空间结构特征、影响因子,并提出空间结构优化思路:(1)浙江省及各地级市3A级景区村庄空间分布聚集性显著,空间结构呈“万”字形。(2)各地级市空间结构特征具有趋低海拔、趋平原、趋阳坡、趋河流、趋干线、趋中心地等分布规律。(3)3A级景区村庄数与高程、坡度、坡度变率、坡向变率呈负相关,距水域分布5 km范围、地级市40 km范围、区县15 km范围、重要道路干线4 km范围、高级别景区20 km范围内具有显著的聚集性与辐射性。(4)自然因子是影响3A级景区村庄空间结构特征的先决性因子,人文因子是村庄转型的牵引性因子。(5)3A级景区村庄优化可进一步以点促面,促成多核心放射结构和核聚—扩散结构、以线为轴,优化聚集—汇流结构、以面化点,优化同异互动结构。     

浊点萃取-高效液相色谱测定土壤及底泥中痕量多环芳烃

采用阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)超声波辅助浊点萃取(CPE),高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定土壤及底泥中痕量多环芳烃(PAHs),在SDS浓度为2.75%,HCl用量为4.2mol·l-1,平衡温度为70℃.恒温时间为50min的最佳条件下,萘、芴、苊烯、菲和芘的方法检测限分别:31.40,18.84,12.56,94.20和31.40μg·l-1,线性范嗣为0-10.0 mg·l-1.     

Hierarchical spatial point process analysis for a plant community with high biodiversity

A complex multivariate spatial point pattern of a plant community with high biodiversity is modelled using a hierarchical multivariate point process model. In the model, interactions between plants with different post-fire regeneration strategies are of key interest. We consider initially a maximum likelihood approach to inference where problems arise due to unknown interaction radii for the plants. We next demonstrate that a Bayesian approach provides a flexible framework for incorporating prior information concerning the interaction radii. From an ecological perspective, we are able both to confirm existing knowledge on species’ interactions and to generate new biological questions and hypotheses on species’ interactions.

超临界水氧化法处理酚水溶液初步研究

为探讨在超临界状态下苯酚水溶液的氧化分解情况,应用了间歇式高压釜进行了实验。实验结果表明：停留时间增加,转化率提高;在超临界条件下,反应的温度和压力对苯酚的氧化分解影响不大;在氧气充足的情况下,苯酚浓度的增加不会对苯酚的分解转化率产生大的影响。     

对新疆当前电磁辐射环境管理的认识

随着现代科学技术的进步和发展,在电磁辐射的运用范围越来越广的同时其污染水平也在不断增高,人类生存的环境也在不断受到电磁辐射的影响,加强电磁辐射环境管理已势在必行。通信系统电磁辐射应是新疆当前电磁辐射环境管理的重点。     

空气制冷中干燥器的降失效原因分析

干燥器是空气制冷中重要的设备,它在低温系统中发挥着至关重要的作用。为了提高吸附式干燥器的使用效率,本文根据干燥器的吸附及其工作原理,详细分析了吸附式干燥器在试验过程中出现的降效、失效原因及其影响干燥器吸附率的主要因素,并提出了相应的合理的操作使用对策。给出的试验结果证明,文中提出的方法是切实可行的,并在试验中取得了明显的效果,大大提高了试验效率,同时为今后正确、高效地使用干燥器提供了技术参考。     

Wastewater Effluent,Combined Sewer Overflows,and Other Sources of Organic Compounds to Lake Champlain1

Abstract: Some sources of organic wastewater compounds (OWCs) to streams, lakes, and estuaries, including wastewater‐treatment‐plant effluent, have been well documented, but other sources, particularly wet‐weather discharges from combined‐sewer‐overflow (CSO) and urban runoff, may also be major sources of OWCs. Samples of wastewater‐treatment‐plant (WWTP) effluent, CSO effluent, urban streams, large rivers, a reference (undeveloped) stream, and Lake Champlain were collected from March to August 2006. The highest concentrations of many OWCs associated with wastewater were in WWTP‐effluent samples, but high concentrations of some OWCs in samples of CSO effluent and storm runoff from urban streams subject to leaky sewer pipes or CSOs were also detected. Total concentrations and numbers of compounds detected differed substantially among sampling sites. The highest total OWC concentrations (10‐100 μg/l) were in samples of WWTP and CSO effluent. Total OWC concentrations in samples from urban streams ranged from 0.1 to 10 μg/l, and urban stream‐stormflow samples had higher concentrations than baseflow samples because of contributions of OWCs from CSOs and leaking sewer pipes. The relations between OWC concentrations in WWTP‐effluent and those in CSO effluent and urban streams varied with the degree to which the compound is removed through normal wastewater treatment. Concentrations of compounds that are highly removed during normal wastewater treatment [including caffeine, Tris(2‐butoxyethyl)phosphate, and cholesterol] were generally similar to or higher in CSO effluent than in WWTP effluent (and ranged from around 1 to over 10 μg/l) because CSO effluent is untreated, and were higher in urban‐stream stormflow samples than in baseflow samples as a result of CSO discharge and leakage from near‐surface sources during storms. Concentrations of compounds that are poorly removed during treatment, by contrast, are higher in WWTP effluent than in CSO, due to dilution. Results indicate that CSO effluent and urban stormwaters can be a significant major source of OWCs entering large water bodies such as Burlington Bay.     

日本应对面源污染的法律措施

自1992年农林水产省首次提出“环境保全型农业”的概念以来,日本政府逐渐重视以农业污染为主的面源污染。此后,政府根据面源污染在各个时期的变化情况,把农业生产污染、禽畜养殖业污染、固体废物污染、高速公路和城市生活污染等方面的各种政策、目标和经济措施予以法制化,陆续出台了一系列有利于防治面源污染的法律、法规。这些法规虽然不是防治面源污染的单行性法规,但其内容具有配套性、系统性、可操作性的特点,惩戒措施也具有针对性和层次性的特点,而且经济措施与法律责任并举,客观上对防治面源污染起到了重要作用。借鉴日本的立法经验,我国防治面源污染立法应该进一步完善法律法规,明确管理部门的职责,强化法律责任,通过多种手段引导公民自觉防治面源污染.     

基于巡检的高速公路桥梁安全监测与维护研究

针对高速公路桥梁安全评价与维护的需要,在对现行高速公路桥梁安全监测、数据处理方法分析的基础上,应用设备状态监测原理,提出高速公路桥梁安全监测及安全趋势预测的方法。根据我国目前公路桥梁养护技术规范、高速公路桥梁养护运行模式,构建由人、物、理、程四部分组成的基于巡检的高速公路桥梁安全监测与维护体系,该体系实施过程分为准备、巡检、分析和维护4个阶段,即,在不影响高速公路桥梁正常运营下,通过巡检获取桥梁关键部位的状态参数并进行分析和评价桥梁状态,由专家系统或专家评价桥梁病害类型和维护方案。该体系还可对桥梁安全状态进行预判,满足高速公路桥梁预防性养护的需求,其实施将有助于提高高速公路桥梁的管理与维护水平。