大气污染总量控制GA方法对气象因子的敏感性

通过数值模拟试验,研究了基于遗传算法(GA)的大气污染总量控制方法对风向、风速、稳定度三个最重要的气象因子的敏感性。结果表明,用基于遗传算法的大气污染总量控制方法所求得的区域允许排放总量以及允许排放总量在各污染源之间的分配方案,对风向、风速、稳定度三个气象因子都敏感,从而验证了该方法的稳定性和可靠性。     

复合絮凝剂在治理棉纤维生产废水中的应用

运用正交实验设计的方法，对化纤厂生产棉浆粕过程中产生的黑液，进行了絮凝剂各类和用量的选择研究。据此，可以为确定工艺中絮凝剂的投加量提供初步数据。同时给出了化学耗氧量（COD）和总有机碳（TOC）之间的线性关系方程。     

生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂对水体中石油烃降解的促进作用

从被含油废水污染的土壤中筛选得到4株能利用柴油为唯一碳源生长的杆菌(X1,X2,X3和X4),经鉴定,这4株菌分别属于沙雷铁氏菌属(Serratiasp.)、不动菌属(Acinetobactersp.)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillussp.)和氮单胞菌属(Azomonassp.).其中,菌株X4于32℃摇床培养28d后对柴油的降解率达62%,而在相同条件下,添加生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂后柴油的降解率提高了26%.平板菌落计数结果表明,鼠李糖脂能促进菌的生长,生物量明显增多.对菌株降解反应的动力学研究进一步验证了鼠李糖脂对菌株X4降解石油烃的促进作用,添加了鼠李糖脂的样品组比对照组的半衰期缩短了近1倍.通过设计正交实验,本文研究了培养温度、培养时间、鼠李糖脂的添加量及石油烃的浓度等主要环境因子对水体中石油烃降解的影响.实验结果表明,影响水体中石油烃降解的主导因子是培养时间,其次是培养温度、石油烃的浓度和鼠李糖脂的添加量.图4表2参17     

漓江上游纳污最适总量及水质变化规律研究

为确保 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 10年桂林漓江上游进入城区水质能保持国家II类水质标准进行纳污总量控制及其水质变化规律研究。采用系数法对 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 10年陆源排污总量进行科学预测 ,按河流功能区划要求 ,首次利用动态数学模型计算河流在不同流量、不同纳污总量条件下保持II类水质的最适纳污值 ,探讨了漓江水质变化规律。为环境管理打下基础     

中国股票市场综合效应与消费需求变动分析

本文首先研究股票市场影响消费需求的综合效应;在此基础上对中国股票市场促进消费需求的条件和障碍进行分析,并提出了发展股票市场促进消费需求的几条对策.     

圈养亚成体大熊猫日粮粗蛋白表观消化率的初步研究

研究了7只1.5-4.7岁的亚成体大熊猫对23种日粮粗蛋白的表观消化率（ADCP），结果为37．86％－83．70％。分析表明，对1．5－2．5岁的大熊猫，粗纤维采食量与ADCP有极显著的负相关关系（图1）；对2．5－4．7岁的大熊猫。粗纤维采食量与ADCP没有明显相关关系（表3）。对1．5－2．5岁大熊猫，随竹粗蛋白占总粗蛋白比值升高，ADCP呈下降趋势（图2）；2．5－4．7岁的大熊猫，ADCP随竹粗蛋白比例升高而呈上升趋势（图3）；不同大熊猫ADCP还有个体差异。图3表3参10     

总N—亚硝基化合物接触量与胃癌死亡率的生态学相关性

在胃癌高发区福建省长乐县和低发区山东省崂山县和随机选择近６０名３５－６４岁男性一，以份饭法收集２４ｈ膳食和１２ｈ尿液，测定总Ｎ－亚硝基人合物（ＴＮＯＣ）含量，计算膳食摄入量和尿中排出量人群日均膳食摄往我为７．０７４．３１μｍｏｌ，低发区为４．０７±３．６７μｍｏｌ，Ｐ〈０．００１；１２ｈ尿中排出量高发区为１１３±０．６１μｍｏｌ，低发区为０．３４±０．２７μｍｏｌ，Ｐ〈０．００１；尿中排出量与膳食     

Great Lakes monitoring results--comparison of probability based and deterministic sampling grids

The Great Lakes may be viewed as a coastal environment, affected by the same meteorological and physical forces as the coastal ocean. The U.S. EPA, Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) has monitored the open waters of the lakes, annually, since 1983. As part of the U.S. EPA Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), a pilot study was performed in Lake Michigan to compare the existing GLNPO deterministic sampling grid with the EMAP probabilistic grid. Results of chemical analyses of trophic status indicators (total phosphorus and chlorophyll a) as well as nutrients and conventional limnological measurements, from spring and summer surveys in 1992 indicate little difference between the grids in the offshore region of the lake. The few statistically significant differences may be due to station distribution throughout the lake, or simple chance. This might be expected due to the well mixed nature of the open waters of Lake Michigan. The detection of a long-term trend for total phosphorus in Lake Michigan benefits from an annual program: viewing cumulative frequency distributions based on a four year EMAP interval does not convey information on the decrease in phosphorus in the lake. If the EMAP sampling grid were to be used in the Great Lakes, pilots in each of the lakes would be necessary for utilization of the existing long-term record as a basis for trend detection.     

改进基层排污申报登记与总量控制管理的建议

分析了基层环境管理工作中开展排污申报登记与总量控制工作存在的问题，探讨了改进此项工作的具体方法。     

Monitoring E. coli and total coliforms in natural spring water as related to recreational mountain areas

Natural spring water has unique properties, as it is rich in minerals that are considered to be beneficial to human health. A survey of the microbiological quality of natural spring water was conducted to assess possible risks from the consumption of the water by visitors in recreational mountain areas located in Seoul, South Korea. The densities of total coliforms and Escherichia coli were measured during the spring and the summer of 2002 to investigate the presence of coliform bacteria in the drinking spring waters. Total coliforms were detected in all samples and the mean density of total coliforms was up to a maximum of 228 CFU/mL. Detectable E. coli was found in 78% of all samples and the mean densities of E. coli varied from a minimum of 0 CFU/mL to a maximum of 15 CFU/mL in all samples. Malfunctioning septic systems and wildlife population appear to be the main source of E. coli contamination. Presence of E. coli in natural spring water indicates potential adverse health effects for individuals or populations exposed to this water. The fecal contaminated spring water may present an unacceptable risk to humans if it is used as raw drinking water.