旅游的区域环境效应研究—安徽黄山市实证分析

环境是旅游活动赖以发展的基础,旅游活动不可避免地对旅游地自然环境、人文环境产生积极的或消极的影响。为了更准确地了解旅游活动对环境影响的性质和程度,利用特尔菲法,通过对安徽黄山市的实证分析,评估了旅游的区域环境效应。结果显示旅游活动的开展改善了当地人文环境,对当地自然环境尚没有造成较大的负面效应,但已不利于当地野生动物的保护和合理利用     

公共资源类旅游景区水环境承载力研究 ——以武汉市东湖风景区为例

公共资源类旅游景区水环境受到社会经济系统和旅游系统两方面影响,本文通过选取人口、GDP、灌溉面积、游客量、宾馆日接待人数、TP、COD、BOD等指标,构建水环境承载力多目标模型.同时,选取水果湖、汤菱湖和郭郑湖3个子湖对东湖风景区水环境承载力进行评价,并运用层次分析法(AHP)确定各指标对东湖风景区水环境承载力的权重,采用典型水环境承载力概念模型计算了2011年武汉市东湖风景区水环境承载力.结果表明,东湖风景区水资源承载力表现为灌溉面积和GDP承载度超标,而人口和旅游指标承载度未达到饱和,水质承载力各指标的承载度超标.水果湖、汤菱湖和郭郑湖的水环境承载力分别为4.03、3.86、3.95,均大大超出负荷.     

湖南观光休闲农业旅游资源及其开发研究

湖南作为内陆农业大省和旅游资源大省，具有独特的“潇湘”自然生态环境本底，丰富多彩的乡村景观资源，较为优越的区位交通条件，发展观光休闲农业具有得天独厚的优势和潜力、但在开发观光休闲农业旅游资源时，应坚持市场导向，准确定位；突出乡土特色，提升文化品位；加强对乡村景观资源及其环境的保护，走可持续发展之路。     

长沙市旅游开发生态适宜性评价

在借鉴已有评价方法的基础上,从宏观的角度,以长沙市为例,选取了区域生态环境、旅游资源价值、社会经济因子3个方面的评价因子,建立起旅游生态适宜性评价因子体系。采用模糊层次分析法确定评价因子权重,并在G IS技术的支持下,从空间上对其旅游开发的生态适宜性进行了综合评价。研究结果表明,长沙市旅游用地可以划分为最适宜用地、适宜用地、基本适宜用地、不适宜用地、不可用地,适合于进行旅游开发的区域较大,最适宜用地、适宜用地、基本适宜用地达到7 549.66 km2,占63.74%。     

后金融危机时期中国环保投融资策略研究

后金融危机时代,不管是金融市场,还是全球经济格局都发生了巨大变化。我国环保投融资存在着投资总量不足、投融资主体环保执行力不足,环保效果不佳等问题;为应对国际金融危机带来的深刻影响,有效化解后危机时代的发展困境,需要针对国家金融调控、信贷政策带来的变化,加倍关注资本市场体系发展的变化、融资渠道和融资工具的创新运用,通过制定更加具有灵活性和针对性的政府建设项目投融资规划和发展战略规划,以实现环保投融资平台的健康、可持续发展。在剖析存在问题原因的基础上提出了我国环保投融资策略,包括拓宽投融资渠道,构建多元投资主体,壮大环保投融资规模;加强管理,强化各投融资主体的环保执行力,提高环保投融资效益;创新环保投融资机制,建立多层次的环保投融资风险责任分担机制。     

Indirect assessment of economic damages from the Prestige oil spill: consequences for liability and risk prevention

The social losses arising from the Prestige oil spill exceed the compensation granted under the IOPC (International Oil Pollution Compensation) system, with losses estimated at 15 times more than the applicable limit of compensations. This is far above the level of costs for which those responsible for hydrocarbons spills are liable. The highest market losses correspond to sectors of extraction, elaboration and commercialisation of seafood. However, damages to non-commercial natural resources could constitute an outstanding group of losses for which further primary data are needed: these losses would only be compensable under the current system by means of a refund for cleaning and restoration costs. Results show that, in Europe, the responsibility for oil spills in maritime transport is limited and unclear. The consequence of this is net social losses from recurrent oil spills and internationally accepted incentives for risky strategies in the marine transport of hydrocarbons.     

利益相关者视角下的旅游资源安全问题研究

基于旅游资源安全的不同利益相关者的纬度,从其实践和威胁因素的研究出发,从政府、旅游企业、旅游资源经营者、社区、旅游者以及其他利益相关者等几个方面分析利益相关者与旅游资源安全的关系;探讨旅游资源安全管理的制度需求;认为旅游资源安全的利益相关者可分为核心层、战略层、外围层等3个层次。虽然威胁旅游资源安全的因素有很多,但旅游资源安全管理的重点仍然是处理好与核心层的利益相关者的关系。     

基于中部崛起背景旅游景区发展战略研究

中国中部地区是中华民族多元文明的核心。适时推出中部崛起战略,是国家整体利益驱动的必然。在中部崛起整体战略下,作为旅游业发展之依托的旅游景区的发展状况和战略至关重要。通过对中部地区旅游景区统计资料整理和文献综述分析,比照东西部地区,分别从旅游景区数量、质量等级、接待能力和水平、经营管理状况、空间分布特征、景区类型等方面比较分析,得出结论：1A 4A级景区质量等级分布均衡,但总体占有率低;接待游客总量居中,但接待入境游客少;接待收入和利润总额高,但人均创利和营业利润率低;地区分布不均衡,景区类型上以自然山水和文物古迹观光为主,娱乐型、度假型景区开发较少。据此,推出了景区升级与扩增、文化品牌、区域分工协作、整体营销发展战略.     

Environmental, cultural, economic and socio-community sustainability: a framework for sustainable tourism in resort destinations

This paper utilizes an inclusive community based sustainability framework with a focus on a resort destination in providing a potential model for more inclusive long-range destination planning and implementation. Four diverse, but interrelated areas of sustainable tourism were specified in this framework for a more comprehensive process including ecological, cultural, economic and socio-community sustainability. In addition a strategic community driven structure, which provides direction, information and practices, serves the purpose of integrating and implementing the framework. The unique tourism destination, Noosa in Australia is used as an example of embracing sustainable tourism as a community and as part of a larger focus on the four key components of sustainability. By viewing sustainable community attributes as assets, all of which are important to manage, enhance and/or conserve, it is expected that the resort community will continue to attract visitors to feel connected and committed to experiencing its lifestyle, sense-of-community and natural features while also contributing to community sustainable stewardship and a strong tourism economy. Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. Dr. Richins is Chair of the Graduate Program within the School of Travel Industry Management at University of Hawaii. He holds a Ph.D. from James Cook University in Australia and a B.S. and M.S. from University of Oregon. Previously he held leadership positions for over 15 years in Australian and New Zealand including Waikato University, University of Newcastle and University of the Sunshine Coast. He was also Chair of the Resort Management program at Sierra Nevada College in Nevada.     

Impact of the global economic crisis on metal levels in particulate matter (PM) at an urban area in the Cantabria Region (Northern Spain)

Air pollution by particulate matter is well linked with anthropogenic activities; the global economic crisis that broke out in the last year may be a proper indicator of this close relationship. Some economic indicators show the regional effects of the crisis on the Cantabria Region. The present work aims to evaluate the impact of the economic crisis on PM10 levels and composition at the major city of the region, Santander. Some metals linked to anthropogenic activities were measured at Santander and studied by Positive Matrix Factorization; this statistical analysis allowed to identify three main factors: urban background, industrial and molybdenum-related factor. The main results show that the temporal trend of the levels of the industrial tracers found in the present study are well agree with the evolution of the studied economic indicators; nevertheless, the urban background tracers and PM10 concentration levels are not well correlated with the studied economic indicators.