空间分布频率分析法在太湖水华遥感监测中的应用

以2009—2012年MODIS遥感影像为主要数据源,提出了基于中长时间尺度多时相数据的空间分布频率指数(SDFI)与计算方法,通过分析比较4年太湖水华SDFI计算结果,并结合同期湖体浮标自动监测数据,发现太湖西部沿岸水华暴发频率和营养盐浓度最高,梅梁湖和竺山湖次之,应当作为下一阶段太湖水环境监控治理的重点区域。     

平顶山市湛河水水质预报模型研究

运用随机理论－－马尔科夫过程预报平顶山市湛河水质,并通过平顶山市湛河近十年的水质监测数据验证了模型的可靠性,对2000年前后湛河水质进行预报,为使2000年淮河流域水质变清,给平顶山市的管理层提供了一定的理论依据。     

水样中双酚A检测技术研究

介绍了水样中双酚A检测技术的最新研究进展,评述了光谱分析、传感器检测、免疫检测及生物检测等四种方法的特点及实际应用情况,探讨了水样中双酚A检测技术的发展方向.     

温榆河底栖大型无脊椎动物与水质评价

2006年10月对北京市温榆河12个采样点底栖大型无脊椎动物调查,并设立十三陵水库为对照点.结果表明,温榆河底栖大型无脊椎动物有三大类组成:水栖寡毛类、水生昆虫幼虫和软体动物等13种,水栖寡毛类中的颤蚓科种类和水生昆虫中的羽摇蚊幼虫为优势种,这些均为耐污种类,耐污染指数都在5以上,平均耐污值为8.底栖动物数量也很高,说明温榆河水体受有机污粢较为严重.通过1HB指数评价结果,认为对照点水质为一般水体,温榆河为污染水体到严重污染水体.     

测量工频电磁场应注意的问题

根据高压输变电线路下工频电磁场测量工作的经验,提出应正确选择电磁辐射测量仪器,注重选择测量点位和高度,减少人为干扰和减小环境因素对测量的影响等,从而提高工频电磁场测量的准确性和可靠性.     

咸海流域地表水变化长期监测及驱动因素分析

咸海流域是绿色丝绸之路经济带的重要枢纽.但是地表水的逐年减少,对咸海流域的生态环境产生了恶劣的影响,严重阻碍了绿色丝绸之路经济带的建设.本文基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台上的1992?—?2018年Landsat影像,采用水体频率的方法提取咸海流域地表水信息,对咸海流域地表水的时空变化进行了研...     

硝酸钙投加频次对污泥生物调理效果的影响

在接种了反硝化菌的剩余污泥中投加硝酸钙药剂,利用反硝化菌消耗NO3-进行反硝化作用去除污泥中易生物降解的有机物,利用Ca2＋的中和、架桥作用,改善污泥的脱水性能.固定NO;总投加浓度为100 mg?g-1 TS,在6d的时间内,按1次、2次、3次、6次的投加频次向污泥中投加硝酸钙.结果表明,1次投加对污泥脱水性能的提升...     

Complementary Roles of Home Gardens and Exotic Tree Plantations as Alternative Habitats for Plants of the Ethiopian Montane Rainforest

Abstract:  Many tropical forests have been converted for agri- or silviculture or a combination of both (agroforestry). Conservation at a landscape scale requires an understanding of the distribution and abundance of native biodiversity in these converted natural ecosystems, of which the knowledge is especially poor for African agroecosystems. We compared species density and species composition of four plant groups (trees and shrubs, epiphytic vascular plants, mosses, and liverworts) among three arboreal land-use types in southwestern Ethiopia (montane rainforest fragments, shade-tree coffee home gardens, and exotic tree plantations). Species density was significantly higher in forests than in coffee home gardens for all plant groups and in exotic tree plantations for all groups except mosses. Home gardens had more vascular epiphytic species than plantations, whereas the reverse was true for mosses and liverworts. The species composition of the forest plots was sometimes more similar to home-garden plots than plantation plots and sometimes vice versa. Fifteen forest plots had, however, cumulatively more species than a random selection of 15 nonforest (coffee home garden and plantation) plots, even if the 2 plot types complemented each other in terms of habitats for forest plants. Tree plantations dominated by Eucalyptus had many small trees and shrubs in common with forests, whereas plantations with Cupressus were important substrates for forests mosses and liverworts. Our results illustrate the importance of undisturbed forests habitats for conservation of species at a landscape scale and that different human-made land-use types may complement each other in their capacity as additional habitats for forest species.     

Experimental investigation of bubbly flow and turbulence in hydraulic jumps

Many environmental problems are linked to multiphase flows encompassing ecological issues, chemical processes and mixing or diffusion, with applications in different engineering fields. The transition from a supercritical flow to a subcritical motion constitutes a hydraulic jump. This flow regime is characterised by strong interactions between turbulence, free surface and air–water mixing. Although a hydraulic jump contributes to some dissipation of the flow kinetic energy, it is also associated with increases of turbulent shear stresses and the development of turbulent eddies with implications in terms of scour, erosion and sediment transport. Despite a number of experimental, theoretical and numerical studies, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the physical mechanisms involved in the diffusion and air–water mixing processes within hydraulic jumps, as well as on the interaction between the free-surface and turbulence. New experimental investigations were undertaken in hydraulic jumps with Froude numbers up to Fr = 8.3. Two-phase flow measurements were performed with phase-detection conductivity probes. Basic results related to the distributions of void fraction, bubble frequency and mean bubble chord length are presented. New developments are discussed for the interfacial bubble velocities and their fluctuations, characterizing the turbulence level and integral time scales of turbulence representing a “lifetime” of the longitudinal bubbly flow structures. The analyses show good agreement with previous studies in terms of the vertical profiles of void fraction, bubble frequency and mean bubble chord length. The dimensionless distributions of interfacial velocities compared favourably with wall-jet equations. Measurements showed high turbulence levels. Turbulence time scales were found to be dependent on the distance downstream of the toe as well as on the distance to the bottom showing the importance of the lower (channel bed) and upper (free surface) boundary conditions on the turbulence structure.     

羟基自由基与DNA中腺嘌呤碱基间反应的AM1研究

UV诱发的羟基自由基,引起了DNA互补碱对间的交联。本文论证了UV引起的互补碱对交联是UV诱发基因突变的主要根源。UV与化学致癌剂不同,可以引起双氢键AT对转化成叁氢键GC或CG对的点突变,这与腺嘌呤A在UV作用下转化成2－羟基腺嘌呤有关。本文采用高级半经验AM1方法,对UV诱发产生的羟基自由基在腺嘌呤8－位及2－位的羟基化反应,进行了计算探讨。证明在两个位置上的反应均经两步完成,反应的活化能较小并且焓变为负值、反应无论在动力学或热力学上均有利于发生。8－羟基腺嘌呤或8－羟基鸟嘌呤的存在,虽然是羟基自由基作用于DNA的标志性产物,但因其不影响小沟槽的氢键键合,很易被修复而不影响基因变异。但DNA双股中的2－羟基腺嘌呤碱或其互变异构体,则引起AT→GC或AT→CG的双氢键键合向叁氢键键合的突变。