我国耗散型铅使用的变化及趋势分析

随着人们对铅污染的认识的不断提高,耗散型铅的使用倍受关注,限制涂料、玩具等生活常用品及其材料中铅的使用也已成为国家及有关部门制定相关标准时要考虑的重要内容。文章以汽油、涂料、油墨和儿童玩具这四类物品为例,列举和对比近年来国内外对其含铅量进行限制的相关政策和标准,并由此提出改进办法,预测未来的政策变化趋势。     

工业事故调查与分析的发展历程及趋势

工业事故调查伴随着工业革命的发展而开展,而事故分析,特别是系统的分析开展于上世纪的五六十年代。事故调查和分析研究的发展历程可以分成四个阶段,单一原因-结果阶段、多原因-结果阶段、系统化分析阶段以及产业化发展阶段。事故调查和分析从最早的仅仅查找事故（直接）原因单一目的,发展到现在查找（根本）原因、分析原因、制定措施、监督执行等多个目的。事故调查和分析已经发展成为一个学科,一种职业。事故调查和分析的理论和方法也从最初的单方面、表面、短期发展到了全面、深入和系统化。本文在介绍事故调查和分析的发展阶段和过程的同时还将对各阶段代表性的调查方法和理论给予介绍,主要包括＂鱼骨（F ishbone）图＂、＂领结图（BowTie）＂、＂直根（Taproot）图＂和＂三脚架（Tripod）＂。     

浙江省污染密集产业的地区分布与发展趋势研究

基于2012年重点环境整治行业数据及2001-2011年浙江省行业统计数据,明确污染密集产业的定义,考察最典型的四类污染密集企业在各市区的分布情况,进一步分析污染密集产业产值与污染排放变化趋势。研究发现,浙江皮革鞣制和铅蓄电池产业有明显的产业集聚特点,皮革鞣制企业近一半设在温州,铅蓄电池企业超过一半在湖州,涉重金属矿企业有原材料产地指向性,电镀产业主要分布在温州;2008年之后,污染密集产业在浙江的比重不降反升,重点行业污染物排放有大幅增长趋势。     

铁岭市老城区大气质量现状及变化趋势研究

"十二五"时期,辽宁省工业化和城市化进程还将加快,机动车保有量和能源消耗总量持续增长,大气污染防治形势将更加严峻。通过环境空气质量现状监测数据分析铁岭市老城区大气质量现状。可吸入颗粒物、降尘、二氧化氮三种污染物浓度在2001年较高,之后大体呈逐年下降趋势,只有二氧化硫浓度呈波动起伏变化的趋势。利用空气综合污染指数预测大气变化趋势,结果表明铁岭市老城区环境空气质量逐年改善。同时分析了老城区环境空气质量存在的问题。     

Long-term trends in the Real real prices of primary commodities: Inflation bias and the Prebisch–Singer hypothesis

In his recent article on measuring the long-term trends in the real prices of primary commodities, Cuddington (2010) extends in several important respects our earlier efforts (Svedberg and Tilton, 2006) to correct real commodity price trends for biases in the Consumer Price Index and other deflators. First, he argues for a log-linear relationship between prices and time. Second, he proposes a simple and quick method for obtaining corrected price trends from the published but uncorrected estimates. Finally, he illustrates, for the case of copper and presumably for many other commodities as well, the difficulties of obtaining real price trends significantly different from zero when the log values of the price data contain a unit root, requiring the use of difference stationary models.We welcome these insights, which should improve and make easier efforts to estimate correctly real commodity price trends over the long run. We would stress, however, that it is still important to correct for the biases in inflation indices, notwithstanding the failure of difference stationary models to obtain long-run real price trends (both corrected and uncorrected) significantly different from zero.     

洛阳市水处理发展趋势及对策思考

根据洛阳市水处理发展现状,分析了洛阳市水环境及水处理发展中存在的城市生活污水处理厂运行管理、中水回用规划与政策、水体环境净化及人工湿地污水处理技术的应用以及污水处理厂剩余污泥处理等方面问题;最后指出了洛阳市应积极转变污水处理厂的运营机制,积极引入和采纳BOT模式,大力开展中水回用和人工湿地污水处理技术研究与推广工作,走污泥无害化、资源化发展道路,以期为洛阳市经济社会以及生态环境的良好健康发展提供参考。     

微生物絮凝剂的研究现状与发展趋势

相对于传统絮凝剂而言,微生物絮凝剂具有絮凝效果好、应用范围广、易生物降解、对环境安全、无二次污染的特点。文章综述了微生物絮凝剂的类型和特点,详细阐述了其絮凝机理,分析了影响微生物絮凝剂絮凝性能的因素以及微生物絮凝剂在水处理中的应用。指出了当前微生物絮凝剂研究存在的问题以及今后的发展趋势。     

珠三角2010~2017年主要工业源VOCs排放结构与组分变化

以工业密集的珠江三角洲地区为研究对象,通过建立2010~2017年主要工业源VOCs排放趋势清单和成分谱数据集,识别了VOCs总量排放趋势和组分结构变化特征,并探讨了典型工业行业VOCs排放结构与组分特征变化的原因.结果显示,2010~2013年珠三角主要工业源VOCs排放量从38万t上升至41万t,而后由于VOCs减排政策的落实持续下降,2017年降至32万t.VOCs组分以间对二甲苯、甲苯、乙苯等芳香烃、乙酸乙酯、丁酮等含氧VOCs和异丁烷等烷烃组分为主.水性涂料替代和末端治理设施等控制政策对工业源VOCs排放与组分结构均有一定程度的影响,排放结构上,金属表面涂装、家具制造、橡胶与塑料制品等行业排放贡献有所下降,组分结构上,芳香烃组分总体下降显著,而烷烃和OVOCs组分占比上升.     

环境监测技术的现状及发展趋势

根据日本环境质量标准发展的需求,结合欧洲新近实施的相关环境标准,分析了环境监测技术需求和发展方向.     

A 14-year measurement of toxic elements in atmospheric particulates in Hong Kong from 1995 to 2008

Toxic elements in the atmosphere can enter and accumulate in the human body, seriously impacting human health. In this study, we analyzed a 14-year （1995-2008） measurement of three toxic elements （As, Cd and Cr） in PMlo in Hong Kong, China. The pollution of these toxic elements in Hong Kong was not serious. The trend analysis showed that As and Cr in PM10 increased at a statistically significant level （p〈0.05） during the 14-year period, while the Cd in PM10 did not change significantly. Typical seasonal variations were observed for all three toxic elements, largely in relation to the Asian monsoon. Hourly 10-day backward trajectories were computed and cate- gorised into four groups. The continental air masses showed much higher concentrations of the three toxic elements than the marine air masses. The abundances of As and Cd in the PM10 were much higher in the continental air masses than those in the marine air masses, while the abundances of Cr showed an opposite pattern. The trends of the three toxic elements in East China＇s air mass were consistent with those in the overall data set ofHong Kong. Examination of the toxic element data recorded at urban sites and a roadside site also indicated a large contribution of external air masses to particulate As and Cd in Hong Kong. These results suggest that the long-range transport from the mainland of China is the dominant contributor to particulate As and Cd, while both local and long-distance sources determine the particulate Cr in Hong Kong.