Mining investment and regional development: A scenario-based assessment for Northern Sweden

The way in which mineral development contributes to economic development in the region where it takes place is important for the mining industry’s relations to the local community. The purpose of this paper is to provide an assessment of the regional-economic impacts of a large-scale contemporary iron ore project in Northern Sweden (including two new mines, two processing plants, and one pellet plant). The regional input-output model rAps, provided by the Swedish government agency NUTEK is used, and it explicitly addresses the linkages between demographic development, the labour market, industrial production and the municipal finances in a consistent modelling framework. The simulation results suggest an average employment multiplier of about 2-2.5 during the maximum production phase, indicating that for every 100 jobs in mining about 100-150 jobs are supported elsewhere in the local economy. The positive impacts in this case are made possible in large because of the existing mining cluster and local suppliers in northern Sweden. Still, these results are perhaps best viewed as an indication of the potential for local economic development as they neglect, for instance, potential supply constraints (e.g., attracting the necessary labour force, road infrastructure, etc.). Specific policies to further strengthen the regional linkage effects may therefore be necessary in order for this potential to be realized in practice, and attention would preferably be paid to policy measures that have positive external spillover effects on the surrounding geographical area.     

振动传感器在强噪声环境下的响应输出分析

目的考察强噪声场下振动传感器的性能。方法采用GJB 150.17—86对振动传感器进行噪声鉴定试验,并分析传感器在噪声场中的响应输出,对比试验前后的传感器性能指标。结果振动传感器经过强噪声场试验后的性能正常,振动传感器在强噪声场中的响应相对较小,单项振动试验中的噪声场不会影响振动传感器的测试结果。结论该传感器可以完成振动监测工作。     

黄土高原坝系流域干湿季交替下氮输出特征及其源解析:以羊圈沟为例

本研究通过对干湿季氮湿沉降过程、降雨过程及基流过程进行动态监测,分析干湿季交替下降雨及基流过程的各形态氮浓度变化,探讨黄土高原坝系流域氮湿沉降对流域氮输出的影响并利用同位素方法解析氮输出来源.结果表明,2015年湿季(7、8月)共11场降雨,产生的氮湿沉降负荷约达814.18 kg,氮沉降通量约为4.26 kg·hm-2;干季(9月)共3场降雨,产生的湿沉降负荷约达155.58 kg,氮沉降通量为0.83 kg·hm-2,呈现出极大的季节变异性.通过对其中4场降雨过程进行动态分析发现,不同降雨强度对水体氮输出过程影响不同,4场降雨对流域水体的氮贡献量为16.94 kg.降雨径流氮输出负荷占流域水体氮输出负荷的比率为14.45%~64.84%,说明降雨对流域水体氮输出贡献很大.羊圈沟坝系流域δ15N变化范围较大,为-0.844‰~12.791‰,δ18O值在8.166‰~15.115‰范围内波动.     

基于硬件投入产出效益分析的上海市生活垃圾分类政策评价

本研究基于垃圾车、分类投放点、回收服务点、垃圾中转站4类硬件投入要素,以上海市垃圾分类政策实施效果作为研究对象,利用数据包络DEA分析方法,针对2020年1月~2021年6月上海市强制性垃圾分类具体的实施效果逐月展开分析和评测.结果表明,条例颁布后,上海市生活垃圾分类总体实施成效较为良好,综合效率、纯技术效率和规模效率平均值分别为0.957、0.993、0.963,均处于相对有效状态,但部分月份存在投入冗余及产出不足情况,仍有很大的进步空间.建议将投入要素均衡地作用到可回收物、干垃圾、湿垃圾以及有害垃圾的城市生活垃圾处理方面,进而提升上海市可回收物、干垃圾、湿垃圾以及有害垃圾的处理水平,提高政策实施效率.     

徐州市工业固体废物产生种类主成分分析研究

文章在介绍主成成分分析方法的原理基础上,利用SPSS统计软件对徐州市1996年至2000年工业固体废物产生种类及其量8个指标原始数据进行主成分分析,提取了占总方差81.126%能够反映原始数据的绝大部分信息的二个主成分:第一主成分和冶炼废渣、粉煤灰、炉渣密切相关,第二主成分和尾矿、煤矸石密切相关。结果表明徐州市电力、钢铁和煤矿开采行业工业固体废物产生种类及产生量变化趋势与徐州市经济发展方式相吻合,为徐州市工业固体废物污染源头控制提供决策指导。     

基于灰色理论GM（1，1）模型的陕西省工业废水排放量预测

该文根据2003～2009年陕西省工业废水的排放情况进行分析,采用灰色系统理论,引入二阶弱化算子D2,建立陕西省工业废水排放量GM（1,1）预测模型。采用残差大小和均方差比值对缓冲序列预测数据进行精度分析,误差较小,精度较高,模型可靠,可满足预测要求。运用预测模型对陕西省“十二五”期间工业废水排放量进行预测,得到2011-2015年工业废水排放量。对预测结果进行分析,计算出废水达标排放量年均增长量为395．42万吨;与工业总产值相联系,知工业废水排放量随着工业总产值的增加相应有所增加。     

The safety of obstetrical ultrasound: a review

Ultrasound is a commonly employed imaging modality in obstetrics and is generally regarded as safe to the fetus. Current ultrasound technology, however, has significantly higher output potential than older machines used in most clinical studies, and the safety profile for the increasing use of Doppler, 3-dimensional (D) and 4-D ultrasound with modern machines is unknown. This article reviews the current status of ultrasound safety within obstetrics, including proposed mechanisms of harm, existing scientific and clinical evidence regarding those mechanisms, and considerations of safety for the clinical user. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

建设用地二三产业增长贡献及空间相关性研究

在土地资源总量有限和耕地保护压力巨大背景下,将建设用地纳入经济增长内生模型,研究土地要素对二三产业增长贡献,探寻省际建设用地产出弹性在空间上是否存在相关性与集聚性具有一定的理论与现实意义.已有关于建设用地经济增长贡献研究大多假设技术水平单调上升,或直接把固定资产投资当资本存量,且很少研究增长贡献的空间相关性.本文首先测算1999 - 2008年全国与各省技术水平及二三产业资本存量,以准确测度建设用地经济增长贡献,其次对C-D生产函数进行回归以计算建设用地产出弹性,最后用空间相关分析法分析产出弹性在空间上的相关性与集聚区域.结果表明:技术水平变化并非像以往假设一样——随时间单调上升,而是在某些年份进步迅速,某些年份进步缓慢,甚至有些年份停滞不前；资本存量对经济增长弹性最大,劳动力次之,建设用地最小,其值是0.1027；中国省际建设用地二三产业产出弹性存在全局自相关现象,自身及相邻省份的建设用地二三产业贡献水平高于平均数(HH)的区域主要分布在长江三角洲地区,与此相反(LL)的区域则主要分布在西北内陆地区.     

长江经济带工业企业绿色创新效率的演变规律

在考虑非期望产出的前提下,采用超效率非期望两阶段网络DEA法测算2008~2016年长江经济带工业企业绿色创新效率,运用对数平均权重分解法（LMDI）对其影响因素进行分解,并估算各因素的实际贡献份额和区域差异.结果发现：长江经济带整体工业企业绿色创新效率均值为0.2710,即样本期内并未实现DEA有效,呈现出从下游地区向上游地区依次递减的趋势;并且下游与中游、上游地区工业企业之间的平均绿色创新效率水平差距呈现出逐渐扩大趋势,发展态势明显不平衡;整体上自身创新效应对工业企业绿色创新效率影响最大,剩余依次为工业企业消化吸收效应、购买国内技术效应、引进技术效应、技术改造效应和工业污染治理效应;新产品开发经费效应在第一和第二阶段一直处于主导地位;吸收消化经费和购买国内技术经费对工业企业绿色创新效率的正向促进作用明显;吸收消化和购买国内技术经费的增加在两阶段中的表现一致,但第二阶段的效应量下降明显;各因素对工业企业绿色创新效率的贡献差异呈现自东向西的减弱趋势,但中部地区的效应量不高;从时间变化趋势来看,长江经济带平均效应量整体呈现增加的趋势,但在"十二五"期间总效应量则呈现递减趋势.此外,上游和中游地区各因素效应量促进了工业企业绿色创新效率的提升.     

Dynamic Changes,Regional Differences,and Influencing Factors of CO2 Emission Performance in China

Abstract

This paper proposes to use DEA models with undesirable outputs to construct the Malmquist index that can be use to investigate the dynamic changes of CO₂ emission performance. With the index, the authors have measured the CO₂ emission performance of 28 provinces and autonomous regions in China from 1996 to 2007; with the convergence theory and panel data regression model, the authors analyze the regional differences and the influencing factors. It is found that the performance of CO₂ emissions in China has been continuously improved mainly due to the technological progress, and the average improvement rate is 3.25%, with a cumulative improvement rate of 40.86%. In addition, the CO₂ emission performance varies across four regions. As a whole, the performance score of eastern China is the highest. The northeastern and central China has relatively lower performance scores, and the western China is relatively backward. The regional differences are decreasing, and the performance of CO₂ emissions is convergent. The influence of some factors on the performance of CO₂ emissions is significant, such as the level of economic development, the level of industrial structure, energy intensity, and ownership structure. The influence of some factors, such as opening-up to the outside world, on the performance of CO₂ emissions is not significant.