德兴-黄山断裂带及其邻区的地质研究进展

德兴－黄山断裂带以往都被认为是由伏川蛇绿岩套、赣东北蛇绿岩带组成的中元新古代蛇绿混杂岩带，代表扬子板块与华夏板块拼贴的北西界缝合线。近年来的地质调查表明，扬子和华夏两板块拼贴带大致介于宜丰－景德镇断裂、萍乡－广丰－江山断裂带之间，是一个多期碰撞造山带，称江南复合混杂岩带，而德兴－黄山断裂带则不具板块边界性质，仅是该混杂岩带内的一条分隔次级构造单元的边界断裂，总体呈NNE向展布，包括赣东北蛇绿混杂岩和一系列NNE向韧性剪切带和脆性断裂。伏川蛇绿岩和赣东北蛇绿岩走向上无法连接，分别代表江南复合混杂岩带内不同拉分小洋盆的沉积－构造混杂产物。本文对断裂带及其邻区前震旦纪地层重新划分进行了论述。     

普兰店湾潮流场数值模拟

针对近年来我国近海海洋环境影响评价的需要，运用具有移动边界的潮波动力学有限 差分模型，模拟了普兰店湾 潮 流场，复演了该湾的潮流结构和时空变化过程。验证结果表明，模拟计算的流速平均差为－1.52cm/s，流向平无差为-2.5 度，完全符合潮流预报的精度要求。     

京津冀典型城市一次重污染过程特征及边界层结构变化对其影响

为探究典型重污染过程的污染特征与大气边界层结构演变规律,基于PM_2.5采样数据、气象观测数据及WRF-Chem模式,以北京市和石家庄市2016年12月27日—2017年1月10日一次重污染过程为研究对象,对气象要素、PM_2.5化学组分、天气背景场、边界层结构演变特征,以及大气边界层结构变化对ρ(PM_2.5)及其主要化学组分的影响进行分析.结果表明:①研究期间,北京市和石家庄市ρ(PM_2.5)分别为(165.63±110.89)(247.67±95.22)μg/m3,石家庄市污染程度高于北京市;高空纬向环流和地面弱高压控制的天气背景场,低于1.75 m/s的风速以及超过75%的相对湿度是造成北京市与石家庄市重污染的不利气象条件.②重污染时段北京市与石家庄市SNA(SO₄2-、NO₃-、NH₄+三者的统称)与碳质组分(OC、EC)占比之和超过76%,是PM_2.5中的两大主要组分;重污染时段ρ(SNA)占比明显上升,北京市与石家庄市ρ(SNA)占比由非重污染时段的42.23%、45.93%分别升至重污染时段的58.87%、59.62%;北京市与石家庄市ρ(OC)/ρ(EC)分别为5.13、3.51,表明在重污染时段两城市存在明显的二次有机气溶胶污染.③WRF-Chem模式模拟结果表明,PM_2.5污染严重时北京市与石家庄市在300~500 m处均出现明显的逆温,垂直风场主要表现为低层偏南风顺时针向上切变为偏西风,切变高度在400~1 000 m,逆温层结与明显垂直风切变的边界层特征共同抑制了污染物的湍流与扩散.④北京市与石家庄市重污染时段的PBLH(Planetary Boundary Layer Height,大气边界层高度)日均值与非重污染时段相比分别下降了202、128 m,PBLH每下降100 m,北京市与石家庄市ρ(PM_2.5)分别上升18.81、29.85 μg/m3,PBLH下降是导致两城市ρ(PM_2.5)快速上升的重要因素.北京市与石家庄市的PBLH与PM_2.5组分质量浓度之间的相关性不同,北京市PBLH与ρ(SNA)的相关性高于与碳质组分质量浓度的相关性,石家庄市PBLH与ρ(EC)相关性最高,表明此次重污染过程中北京市PM_2.5污染特征以二次形成为主,而石家庄市以一次排放为主.研究显示,北京市与石家庄市此次重污染过程与大气边界层结构变化密切相关.      

一次冷锋过程中我国区域空气污染边界层特征

利用常规地面气象和探空资料、ERA-interim再分析资料、以及全国PM_2.5浓度数据,针对2015年3月7~11日一次冷空气南下的锋面天气过程中,我国华北、华东地区出现的大范围空气污染,开展了高空各层天气形势分析,以及本次过程中污染区域由北至南6个城市（北京、章丘、郑州、南阳、武汉、长沙）边界层气象要素的垂直结构及其时空演变特征的研究.结果表明：在污染前期（3月7~8日）中高纬度500hPa平直的纬向环流和地面均压场,为污染天气的发生和维持以及空气污染物的集聚提供了有利的环流场.污染中期（3月8~10日）冷空气南下,地面冷高压向华东地区移动,重污染区域随冷高压前部的弱低压场或均压场由北向南移动.伴随着天气系统移动,六个地面观测站的边界层特征在时空上表现出相似性,由北向南各站在污染期间先后出现多层逆温,风速较小,逆温层下相对湿度较大.此次多层逆温的形成是由于夜间近地面辐射冷却、冷锋移动过程中产生的锋面逆温以及边界层以上的下沉运动造成的.本研究揭示了在天气系统移动中,位于天气系统相同部位站点的边界层结构具有共同的特征,及其与空气污染的关系.     

京津冀区域典型重污染过程与反馈效应研究

以京津冀地区2014年10月5~12日一次重污染过程为例,采用飞机AMDAR数据和WRF-Chem模式,分析了大气边界层垂直结构与PM_2.5的时空演变规律,定量研究了气溶胶直接反馈效应对多种气象要素的影响.结果表明：此次重污染过程地域范围广、持续时间长、影响强度大,PM_2.5污染呈带状分布,主要受地面均压场和高空纬向环流形成稳定的大气环流背景场、垂直层风场及逆温共同影响.气溶胶直接反馈效应导致京津冀地区整个时段太阳辐射量降低39.80W/m²,气温下降0.34℃,边界层高度降低36.64m,相对湿度升高0.90%.反馈效应南部地区较北部更显著,污染日强于平均时段和清洁天,气溶胶的辐射反馈作用使得各气象要素均呈现不利于污染物扩散的趋势,造成气溶胶聚集区PM_2.5浓度进一步增加.     

青岛冬季PM2.5持续重污染天气的大气边界层特征

鲜有出现空气质量问题的北方沿海城市青岛近年来也频频出现重污染天气. 2014年1月青岛市总计出现7 d重污染天气,其中1月15-18日是持续4 d的PM_2.5重污染,其余的则分别出现在1月6日、11日和30日.为了获得气象条件对持续重污染天气发展、维持和消除的影响机制,利用激光雷达、大气稳定度仪探测数据以及地面、高空气象观测和空气质量监测数据,重点分析了1月15-18日持续重污染期间青岛市大气边界层气象要素的时间和空间特征.结果表明,2014年1月影响青岛冷空气势力弱、青岛近地面低于3 m/s的风速不利于污染物扩散,66%以上的相对湿度有利于污染物浓度增大.在污染源稳定的背景下,气象要素的差异性导致了污染物浓度时空分布的差异.在持续的弱偏北风下污染物浓度居高不下;在偏南风影响下,污染物浓度趋于下降.边界层内存在高层干冷弱北风和低层暖湿弱南风的风切变、稳定层结、低层相对湿度为70%的高湿大气以及交替出现的近地面南北风是此次重污染持续的主要原因.大气边界层高度变化对污染物浓度具有6 h左右的延迟影响;而低边界层高度、大稳定度因子,低云的存在和较高的污染物浓度之间具有较好的一致性变化趋势.当近地面温度升高、相对湿度减小以及增大的偏南风和存在弱不稳定层结时,有利于提高青岛局地大气扩散能力.      

Improving body posture while fueling with a newly designed pump nozzle

Background. Although petrol pumps are a very common and highly used simple technology, their design consideration for comfort and safety to prevent high-pressure load and musculoskeletal injuries to the body is a neglected area in many countries including Iran. Objectives. This study attempted to design a new pump nozzle, and to assess the differences in musculoskeletal load related to body posture when a price/volume display is mounted on the pump nozzle. Methods. For postural analysis, photographs recording the posture of 100 randomly selected customers while fueling at petrol pumps and the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) technique were used. Results. The results of this study showed that RULA scores improved significantly after the newly designed pump nozzle was used. Conclusion. The newly designed pump nozzle is useful in reducing load related to body posture while fueling.     

基于因子分析的嫩江重要省界缓冲区水质评价研究

嫩江流域省界缓冲区水质监测与评价,是针对2010年和2015年引起嫩江省界缓冲区水环境质量主要污染物的变化分析,判断主要超标指标为有机生化指标。为进一步明确嫩江缓冲区水质影响关键因子,采用因子分析评价嫩江重要省界缓冲区水质状况。依据因子的荷载矩阵,2010年和2015年的主导因子均累计解释了原始向量80%以上的信息,反映了这两年水环境和污染因子之间的关系。嫩江流域省界缓冲区流域水质状况分析,为今后对嫩江流域水功能区目标管理提供理论支持。     

Being trusted: How team generational age diversity promotes and undermines trust in cross‐boundary relationships

We examine how demographic context influences the trust that boundary spanners experience in their dyadic relationships with clients. Because of the salience of age as a demographic characteristic as well as the increasing prevalence of age diversity and intergenerational conflict in the workplace, we focus on team age diversity as a demographic social context that affects trust between boundary spanners and their clients. Using social categorization theory and theories of social capital, we develop and test our contextual argument that a boundary spanner's experience of being trusted is influenced by the social categorization processes that occur in dyadic interactions with a specific client and, simultaneously, by similar social categorization processes that influence the degree to which the client team as a whole serves as a cooperative resource for demographically similar versus dissimilar boundary spanner–client dyads. Using a sample of 168 senior boundary spanners from the consulting industry, we find that generational diversity among client team members from a client organization undermines the perception of being trusted within homogeneous boundary spanner–client dyads while it enhances the perception of being trusted within heterogeneous dyads. The perception of being trusted is an important aspect of cross‐boundary relationships because it influences coordination and the costs associated with coordination. © 2015 The Author Journal of Organizational Behavior Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd     

Juggling work and family responsibilities when involuntarily working more from home: A multiwave study of financial sales professionals

Using multiwave survey data collected among 251 financial sales professionals, we tested whether involuntarily working more from home (teleworking) was related to higher time‐based and strain‐based work‐to‐family conflict (WFC). Employees' boundary management strategy (integration vs. segmentation) and work–family balance self‐efficacy were considered as moderators of these relationships. Data were collected one month before, three months after, and 12 months after the implementation of a new cost‐saving policy that eliminated employees' access to office space in a centralized work location. The policy resulted in employees being forced to work more from home. A voluntary telework program had been in effect before the new policy, implying that working more from home as a result of the new policy was involuntary in nature. Results revealed that involuntarily working more from home was associated with higher strain‐based WFC but not higher time‐based WFC. However, moderator analyses revealed that the positive association between involuntarily working more from home and both types of WFC was significantly stronger among employees with weaker self‐efficacy in balancing work and family. Boundary management strategy had no detectable moderating effect. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.