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991.
Ranville JF Hendry MJ Reszat TN Xie Q Honeyman BD 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2007,91(3-4):233-246
The long-term mobility of actinides in groundwaters is important for siting nuclear waste facilities and managing waste-rock piles at uranium mines. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) may influence the mobility of uranium, but few field-based studies have been undertaken to examine this in typical groundwaters. In addition, few techniques are available to isolate DOC and directly quantify the metals complexed to it. Determination of U-organic matter association constants from analysis of field-collected samples compliments laboratory measurements, and these constants are needed for accurate transport calculations. The partitioning of U to DOC in a clay-rich aquitard was investigated in 10 groundwater samples collected between 2 and 30 m depths at one test site. A positive correlation was observed between the DOC (4-132 mg/L) and U concentrations (20-603 microg/L). The association of U and DOC was examined directly using on-line coupling of Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AsFlFFF) with UV absorbance (UVA) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) detectors. This method has the advantages of utilizing very small sample volumes (20-50 microL) as well as giving molecular weight information on U-organic matter complexes. AsFlFFF-UVA results showed that 47-98% of the DOC (4-136 mg C/L) was recovered in the AsFlFFF analysis, of which 25-64% occurred in the resolvable peak. This peak corresponded to a weight-average molecular weight of about 900-1400 Daltons (Da). In all cases, AsFlFFF-ICP-MS suggested that相似文献
992.
V. N. Pozolotina P. I. Sobakin I. V. Molchanova E. N. Karavaeva L. N. Mikhailovskaya 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2000,31(1):14-19
A complex radioecological study of technogenic landscapes of southern Yakutia showed that the main factor responsible for
their contamination with uranium and radium is radionuclide dispersal by air with products of rock weathering. Coefficients
of biological absorption by plants decrease with an increase in the contamination level, which is explained by the fact that
strongly fixed forms of uranium and radium prevail in the contaminated areas. In addition, the root barrier plays an important
role. Radiation load is mainly determined by background gamma-radiation. The contribution of internal irradiation accounted
for by incorporated radionuclides does not exceed 16% and decreases with an increase in the level of soil contamination. Manchurian
alder seeds produced under conditions of enhanced background radiation are more viable than those from the control area. It
is shown that seed generations of plants growing under conditions of chronic irradiation are highly resistant to the radiation
factor. 相似文献
993.
地下水污染与人类健康 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
王忠和 《城市环境与城市生态》1998,11(3):19-22
现代化的社会对地下水的污染问题是十分关切的。本文旨在介绍一些在地下水污染的控制和治理以及地下水污染所至的健康风险评价等方面的技术。 相似文献
994.
珠江河口沉积物Hg的分布与污染评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用Hg元素直测仪分析了珠江河口表层沉积物和柱状沉积物Hg的含量和背景值.沉积物Hg的背景值为(45.94~70.62)×10-9.表层沉积物Hg含量在(20.81~369.20)×10-9,平均为168.23×10-9,平面分布呈西部向东部和东南方向减少的趋势,其中,以西部浅滩沉积物Hg含量最高,富集程度最大.柱状沉积物Hg含量在(33.61~250.43)×10-9,平均含量150.49×10-9,垂直分布存在显著的地域差异,东滩沉积物Hg表现为上部富集,而西滩沉积物表现为均匀分布.地质累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法和单因子污染指数法三种污染评价的结果表明,珠江河口表层沉积物的Hg污染区主要集中于西部浅滩,存在中等程度的Hg污染. 相似文献
995.
Kurunthachalam Senthilkumar Carolyn A. Duda Daniel L. Villeneuve Kurunthachalam Kannan Jerzy Falandysz John P. Giesy 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(4):200-206
Concentrations of mono- (MBT), di- (DBT), and tri-(TBT) butyltin compounds were measured in eggs, liver, and muscle of nine
species of fish from four regions of the Baltic Sea - the Firth of Vistula, the Gulf of Gdańsk, Puck Bay, and the mouth of
the Vistula River. The overall concentration ranges among all the fish sampled from the four sites were: < 7 to 79 ng/g for
MBT, 6 to 1100 ng/g for DBT, 7 to 3600 ng/g for TBT, and 16 to 4800 ng/g for total BTs, on a wet wt basis. The highest concentration
of total BTs was found in herring liver from the Firth of Vistula (4800 ng/g, wet wt) and in roach muscle from Puck Bay (3300
ng/g, wet wt), while the least concentration was found in burbot eggs and liver from the Vistula River (39 and 32 ng/g, wet
wt, respectively). TBT was the major form of BTs present in most samples analyzed. Sediment samples collected from shipyards
in the Gulf of Gdańsk contained butyltin concentrations ranging from 1.2 to 46 μg/g (dry wt) for MBT, 2.0 to 42 μg/g for DBT,
and 2.6 to 40 μg/g for TBT. As with the fish, the majority of the BTs in sediment were present as TBT, which suggested recent
exposure of the aquatic environment of the region to TBT. 相似文献
996.
In general, contamination levels tend to be highest close to sources of a chemical and decline with increasing distance as
a result of dilution, dispersion and degradation. However, contrary to this, circumstances have been described when contamination
levels are higher further away from sources than at the sources themselves. Examples are elevated levels of persistent, hydrophobic,
organic chemicals in the Arctic, in mountain regions and in forest soils. In order to address the questions of why and when
such an inversion of environmental levels is occurring, this paper seeks to identify, name and categorise principles of general
validity leading to such behaviour. By compiling and analysing various causes of elevated contamination levels in the environment,
three main categories became apparent, 1. equilibrium partitioning effects, 2. effects resulting from changes in phase composition,
volume or temperature, and 3. dynamic or kinetic effects. These principles are illustrated with several examples. The case
can be made that understanding, quantifying and predicting these causes could provide a general conceptual framework for studying
the fate of chemicals in the environment. 相似文献
997.
998.
A soil washing process was applied to remediate arsenic (As)-contaminated stream sediments around an abandoned mine in Goro,
Korea. Laboratory scale soil washing experiments for As-contaminated stream sediments were performed under various washing
conditions in order to maximize As removal efficiency. Stream sediments were taken from two sites (S1 and S5) along the main
stream connected to an abandoned mine. Stream sediments at the two sites were divided into two groups (≥0.35 and <0.35 mm
in diameter), giving four types of sediments, which were thereupon used for soil washing experiments. The results of soil
washing experiments involving various pH conditions suggested that As removal efficiency is very high in both strongly acidic
and basic solutions (pH 1 and 13), regardless of sediment type. Removal efficiencies for fine sediments from S1 and S5 were
>95% after 1 h of washing with 0.2 M citric acid (C6H8O7). When using 0.2 M citric acid mixed with 0.1 M potassium phosphate (KH2PO4), the As removal efficiency increased to 100%. When recycled washing solution was applied, As removal efficiency was maintained
at a level greater than 70%, even after eight recycling events. This suggests that the recycling of washing solution could
be successfully applied as a means of decreasing the cost of the washing process. Results from the experiments suggest that
soil washing is a potentially useful process for the remediation of As-contaminated stream sediments around abandoned mines. 相似文献
999.
微生物降解重油的初步研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
丛石油污染的土壤中筛选出一株假单胞菌,考察了其对重油的降解效果。降解18d,重油的降解率达到42.8%,饱和烃、芳香烃、胶质、沥青质的降解率分别为42.95%,43.85%,44.5%,5.55%;质量浓度2.5g/L的表面活性剂Tween-80可使重油的18d降解率达到51.0%;弱碱性条件有利于重油的生物降解;生物泥浆法处理重油污染的土壤,1kg土壤中重油质量100g,降解45d,重油的降解率达到38.85%。 相似文献
1000.
Contamination of soil, leaves and vegetables by polychlorinated biphenyls in Xiamen region, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
MASKAOUI Khali ZHOU Jun-liang HAN Ya-li HU Zhong ZHENG Tian-ling HONG Hua-sheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2005,17(3):460-464
The paper aimed to identify the primary of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in the Jiulong River Estuary, investigate the spatial distribution of PCBs contamination in the environment, localize the atmospheric source and evaluate ongoing PCBs emissions by analyzing soil samples collected along the Jiulong River region. In addition, the accumulation of PCBs in the human food chain was quantified by analyzing leaf of orange trees and vegetable samples collected along a gradient of soil/atmospheric contamination moving away from the source. Consequently, the impact on the human health and the ecosystem was quantified, different management options were proposedto reduce this impact and to carry out research on organic contaminants along the Jiulong River and Xiamen region. 相似文献