Conservation resource allocation,small population resiliency,and the fallacy of conservation triage

Some conservation prioritization methods are based on the assumption that conservation needs overwhelm current resources and not all species can be conserved; therefore, a conservation triage scheme (i.e., when the system is overwhelmed, species should be divided into three groups based on likelihood of survival, and efforts should be focused on those species in the group with the best survival prospects and reduced or denied to those in the group with no survival prospects and to those in the group not needing special efforts for their conservation) is necessary to guide resource allocation. We argue that this decision-making strategy is not appropriate because resources are not as limited as often assumed, and it is not evident that there are species that cannot be conserved. Small population size alone, for example, does not doom a species to extinction; plants, reptiles, birds, and mammals offer examples. Although resources dedicated to conserving all threatened species are insufficient at present, the world's economic resources are vast, and greater resources could be dedicated toward species conservation. The political framework for species conservation has improved, with initiatives such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals and other international agreements, funding mechanisms such as The Global Environment Facility, and the rise of many nongovernmental organizations with nimble, rapid-response small grants programs. For a prioritization system to allow no extinctions, zero extinctions must be an explicit goal of the system. Extinction is not inevitable, and should not be acceptable. A goal of no human-induced extinctions is imperative given the irreversibility of species loss.     

湖北省湖泊资源特点及开发利用

通过对湖北省境内主要湖泊（面积大于１０ｋｍ＾２）的调查与分析，阐述了湖泊资源的几个特点，探讨了湖泊资源利用中存在的问题，并就湖泊资源的合理开发利用途径提出了建议。     

区域矿产资源开发地质环境质量损益的经济评价

矿产资源的开发利用，是国民经济发展的基础，如何实现对资源的合理开发，而又尽量小地对地质环境民损害，是环境经济的重要研究内容。     

吐鲁番盆地水资源持续利用研究

吐鲁番盆地是中国陆地最低的山间盆地，也是新疆水资源量最少的地区之一。其水资源开发利用及其引起的环境变化，是关系到该区持续发展的关键问题。本文从合理利用水资源的角度着重分析了吐鲁番地区水资源开发模式及带来的环境问题，并提出了今后水资源持续利用的途径。     

自然资源代际转移模型研究

代际均衡发展是可持续发展的核心内容之一，而代际均衡的实现在目前情况下有赖于代际主动财富转移改策实施。政府的宏观调控是实施这一政策的有力手段。具体的措施可开征“资源代际补偿税”以建立专项基金制度     

科技是促进人口、资源与环境良性循环的关键因素

本文从社会系统工程角度对人口、资源与环境三者的动态依存关系作了全面探讨。认为科技是转变这个系统运动性质的关键因素,人口问题的实质是自身的消耗接近于自身的供给,解决中国人口问题的根本途径是增加科技的投入。科技类似催化剂,可使潜在资源转化为现实资源,因而人均资源占有量不会绝对呈下降曲线。科技这一要素的大量介入,将使封闭的人口、资源与环境系统(就经济学意义而言)转变为一个全方位开放的、充满活力的耗散结构系统。     

开发南海是振兴海南经济的希望所在

海南是我国陆地面积最小而海洋面积最大的省份,其所属海域(含领海、大陆架和专属经济区)面积广达140多万平方公里。因而,突破狭隘的岛土意识,树立全新的大海南观和海洋意识,充分开发利用南海的资源,对于振兴海南的经济有着极其重要的意义。南海资源开发利用的途径和对策是:提高科技生产力水平;改革资源开发和管理体制;引进外资、开展国际合作。     

TEACHING WATER RESOURCES POLICY TO UNWERSITY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING STUDENTS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES1

ABSTRACT: Effectively teaching water resources policy to university science and engineering students is both important and difficult. Most careers in the water resources field require an understanding of the comprehensive governmental regulatory structure affecting water use. Also, few science and engineering curricula encourage their students to take policy courses. Successful approaches to teaching water resources policy might include epistemological comparisons, case studies, issue maps, and interactive simulations. Obstacles to the effective teaching of this subject include students' insufficient preparation and student disdain and cynicism. These obstacles may be mitigated by requiring a prerequisite, developing a glossary of policy-related terms, and introducing the course through lectures emphasizing realistic views of the water resources management field and the nature of the American political system.     

关于耕地总量动态平衡的思考

中国是一个人多地少的国家，伴随着80年代经济高速增长而加剧的人地矛盾已经成为区域可持续发展面临的一个重要问题。本文以大量的数据分析了自耕地总量动态平衡实施以来的1999-2001年耕地数量和质量的变化，其中用播面单产和复种指数来度量耕地质量，得出了我国总体耕地质量下降的结论，指出仅仅从数量上实施耕地总量动态平衡，保证不了我国粮食安全的需要。并在此基础上提出了相关的建议。     

关于提高我国自然资源物权化程度的思考

自然资源物权是随着环境资源法和物权法的发展而逐渐进入人们视野的。与传统物权相比，自然资源物权是一组性质有别的权利总称．它在本质上具有物权属性．但也包含准物权的内容。可将其分为土地资源物权和其它自然资源物权。我国的自然资源物权制度主要存在所有权虚化和抽象化、使用权物权化程度不高、土地资源使用权未得到切实保障等缺陷。应当通过强化和实现自然资源所有权、积极推进自然资源使用权物权化来完善我国自然资源物权制度。在具体的制度设计上。必须保障自然资源国家所有权的有效实现，改进和完善自然资源的集体所有权；同时也要推进土地使用权和其它自然资源使用权的物权化，特别是扩大自然资源物权中公民使用权的范围．推进自然资源物权的具体化和制度化。